今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下：
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5 w4 S1 Q' A% C5 HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 s, |' f5 @, \: X' a2 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">1/ I+ ?( w% G; U6 b' P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。3 P" m2 N: a3 k, ~; K: E4 ccolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。( c3 X Y3 B/ \8 c9 C; \
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! E4 T/ S3 j0 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。0 p& H4 ^- w: t! R' D% H7 a, G# ` V
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% h1 X" ~9 e; V3 E8 U6 [8 @& Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？& D* ?7 K! E6 m- c: g( W$ R/ b8 E: }( Ncolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。 l" [# H. i0 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( E- B+ d0 U y) F$ |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服( \( |2 w! ~- ]; g i. r7 `
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# l& A: h0 X1 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢$ f+ v$ [7 P& z2 N+ P. E
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0 }$ B5 q- J" `9 O. W) q- }7 k, Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服8 a0 z3 [% @8 L. Z0 q% t
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2 U! c0 ^ H8 r8 ~7 | J' d. O2 K& wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。 v0 E C$ p X1 x: r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新2 Q3 z! p$ n8 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白 \8 p) t" M0 a) Q8 `+ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学% `' B1 x* e4 l5 y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么- s6 @& j5 q4 O4 Q% A: cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 A4 ?! N N6 i0 ^$ B: ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？1 |+ i+ I# |6 A; H, D5 v- v7 G9 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。% c+ t: d9 i! a I
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1 D7 f U8 F( c, hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”. ]' |/ w& g1 M) o# J" G) R1 |
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7 Y# h% W7 f- Y" emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说, }+ N w+ }+ x/ @, G7 T7 U$ U! _6 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。5 N/ R! j% j; ^. |, N
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/ i! o$ k; E0 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。, M2 |: R2 L; J& t/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善, h- z) |0 }4 X+ b+ lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - ~7 i4 a* h( s0 U% {" s
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9 V! a+ ~+ R# {/ E" c/ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊9 G" O- P4 S4 F1 {2 K- ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚( H' i ]1 @' U6 n+ y" ^% a
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- |7 C" }4 R% O7 NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！* j& V- s+ A0 Z" _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假. N, f; v! j/ \* i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: w! o5 c- c0 w" L6 s% A( x% d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴- o/ W; L+ y2 T7 [* F9 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& m, O' l( h4 q% x+ Q( Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 d( a' y4 R3 L. h, wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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: c# n$ N% b7 a: N1 Q/ ?$ tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">如果一个国家仅仅依靠法治来获得长治久安，这样的安既不是真正的安，也不是长久安，只有人民懂得礼义廉耻，知道为什么要采取法律的约束，懂得法治的观念，才能获得真正的治。当年斯大林可谓利用政令无所不用其极了，等到逝世，立刻反弹5 P+ K9 o+ {+ J* l: U# Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ }/ d( \ q1 f! R: ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中央从当前领导班子和干部队伍建设的实际出发，突出强调选拔任用干部要坚持德才兼备、以德为先的标准。这一标准既强调了德与才缺一不可，又突出了德的主导作用，强调选人用人要坚持以德为前提、以德为基础、以德为先决条件。干部一旦失去7 x$ \# q0 ~! E1 R' F% tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! m. c6 U# m$ n6 f
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3 t! [4 j5 s8 ]# bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就失去了被提拔重用的基本资格。大家一定要深刻领会，并以此作为自己成长进步的正确导向。在当前新形势下，干部的德主要体现在哪些方面呢？一是有坚定的理想信念，这样才能在任何时候、任何环境中，都站在党和人民的立场上想问题、办事情。二是坚持执政为民，这样才能真正做到为民用权、为民谋利、为民守责。三是作风清正廉洁，这样才能堂堂正正做人，干干净净干事，得到群众拥护。我国古代思想家都强调为官从政要以修身为本、正己为先。要成为一名合格的国家公务员，就应当有自觉高尚的道德追求，养成良好的职业操守，敬业奉献，全心全意地服务于国家、社会和人民。( Y1 j8 `% @1 R: W) L7 t
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, v4 h" g- e# C; }, g- hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">搞文字出身的，可以说是最正统的夫子门徒，他的思想和做法，包括杀少正卯的儒法兼施做法，我都是十分赞同的，也希望社会今后采取这种治理模式。不过，谁会用？外来的和尚会念经啊。我们是秘书啊。这几天常看到一句话，一看到我就怄气想吐血，这句话叫做：身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！我赞成夫子的：道不行1 C" z7 x% J' l+ M) |2 x3 i: V9 _mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) d2 c! n4 q! v$ tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ h, {! ~1 _& V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乘槎浮于海；孟子的：穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。我不信运动式的说教能够让既得利益者提高自身的修养。! }. z/ W! X' s
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6 J# u& z4 @1 b. H/ a: yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子的继承人荀子，明确提出了9 E: V$ f4 l i6 y2 v# Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">的主张，为我们今天坚持依法治国与以德治国相结合，提供了重要的历史借鉴。青年时期是形成良好思想道德品质的关键时期。尤其是在改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的条件下，在世界范围各种思想文化交流、交融、交锋更加频繁的情况下，处在人生起步阶段的青年，更要注重培养优良品德，解决好立身做人的问题，为报效祖国、服务人民、奉献社会奠定坚实的思想道德基础。& ?+ a; r8 `; G+ V) K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子发展了孔子的人性说，认为人性本恶，故赞扬礼法结合。孔子说：德之不修，是吾忧也。今人，多不修德之辈。建议今人多学论语！在其位，谋其政，为人谋而尽忠，人之本色也！这是德，工作上有本事，那是才！; W5 @2 C `( e" M$ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. l' S/ Q' _, |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子在距今两千五百余年提出其理论，两千五百年后来看自然有其局限性！但我们要看到他先进性的一面，继承和发展其先进性的一面，才对我们现实生活更有价值！则其善者而从之! g: U+ o N' s+ ^
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: Y; J% X- m$ x; S9 m# tmso-font-kerning:0pt">中，德治思想遭到粗暴批判和否定，其影响所及，导致一些领导干部把道德修养看做# V/ ]0 m. d4 k" k6 z
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. M7 _& h7 C2 K( Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，认为没有必要小题大做。我们制定了许多法律，也惩治了不少贪官，这无疑是完全必要的。但是，为什么fubai问题仍有蔓延之势呢？一个重要原因就是缺乏具体、深入、有效的思想道德教育，致使一些人精神空虚、价值观错位。这恰恰印证了孔子之言。事实告诉我们，无限夸大道德教化的作用固然不可取，但是，贬低道德教化的重要作用，同样是要不得的。法律所规定的只是强制人们遵守的道德底线，而理想、信念、道德教育才能引导人们明善恶，辨美丑，知荣辱，具有奋发向上的人生追求，从而在全社会形成弘扬正气的巨大力量。0 | ?' s% b1 l" K5 Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三会一课，近十几年运动式的人人过关，党员教育做了很多工作啊！
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！3 p; H- I( j. q5 T8 f( [! k, vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 `! d; [& C0 z2 o8 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这话只说对一小部分。在中国历史上，法治和德治如同车之两轮、鸟之双翼，对调整社会关系、维护社会秩序发挥着重要作用，是治理国家的两种根本手段。在/ D b+ @( k1 q1 y# xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 i3 p- h0 Z1 q, S& e4 D
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" N3 q. [3 P" u) pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">与. {8 d/ z9 b U, Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 v* D! T2 ], f+ k' u2 i* F$ E
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. R3 O# E: f0 Y1 G# z' dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。他说：' ?- S V) H5 \3 y4 l8 X
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: m1 Q9 U4 t3 n' B5 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，法之大分，类之纲纪也2 N ~+ s( l7 ~# Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”($ e9 h* h( L9 }5 Q
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% l& [( s4 e% [+ i' _. smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">劝学》" O; Y0 x# ]0 q Y, v5 r. C8 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">)# J0 j Z/ q+ j) k3 O6 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ d( v( q+ ]; k0 Z( q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼义生而制法度+ l7 o- L" Z, Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”" D$ u) J5 A* g, y+ H$ J) b$ v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《荀子/ D W% G9 t% ?+ [) H0 v4 Q$ C. w
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( J A3 }( e7 c" j% @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">性恶》）。而对于法的重要地位和作用的认识，荀子却突破孔子，吸收春秋以来法家思想的成果，用以改造、充实传统礼学，克服了儒家之礼与法家之法的对立，提出了0 {4 W8 w# H; K; o; A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《荀子" a. r# D* p- ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">•/ x. t6 j' D) pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 m3 ^& V" v8 ~! B' Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">成相》）的观点，主张治国应礼法并用。他提出的) A& x& K4 q4 {' y @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼尊贤而王，重法爱民而霸+ F, d9 s- C% e- `2 X- G [0 B, j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大略》）的观点，把儒家仁义王道之礼治与法家强力霸道之法治有机结合起来，使两者在政治层面和法律层面上交融互摄，是荀子学术思想的核心内容。荀子认为，不进行礼义教化而单靠刑杀，结果必然是刑罚越来越繁重但却不能制止犯罪；如果只进行教化而放弃刑罚，犯罪的人受不到应有的惩戒，同样不能制止犯罪。只有礼法结合，共同发挥作用，才能收到制止犯罪的效果。荀子关于; B# h* _2 E1 p8 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“% z x& Y: Q2 b
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7 f: ] n+ N+ ?# G+ z+ lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的思想，熔儒法为一炉，成为历代统治者维护和巩固国家政权的基本国策。* Z( k4 g9 u. t" E v
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# A) a& I, R1 N" s( {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中国的人治，占据历史地位的时间过于长了，我们肃反不反思, ^# i* Y6 i7 ]
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! s) Q- f, ~5 L3 w9 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有文革。到现在，我们难道还不反思吗？出现这些问题是什么原因？真的需要我们的领导人好好考虑了7 z7 i# Q4 ?* M8 j6 s' f# k
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% b$ e* e' \0 i5 o! MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">古人认为，地震的产生是因为地气的郁结，民众有怨气被压制，所以沉郁底下，形成地震，当然，比较说法唯心，大家就当一笑而过。法治是根本，德治是补充/ f3 S, Q2 i9 L- J c# m6 n! U) qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——" q& w: ^" G O: F$ @) x" ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' V( _8 E$ Y- n) G1 x+ v. U0 x
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不太赞同，德治是目的，教人向善才是政府的目的，而不能当成一种手段。儒家应该是更看重德的方面，法家才看重法的因素，说到荀子，我个人觉得他不是个纯粹意义上的儒家，精纯度不如孟子。孟子才是孔子的真正继承者，荀子的弟子多是法家代表，说不受他影响不太可能* r: \/ ]6 ~& d3 q$ Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">世风日下，中国人多学习孔子的、孟子、荀子的思想对提升国人的素质是大有裨益的: w' D: Q# Q$ \# i5 T/ @0 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 e/ H: a, N: r) [0 s+ WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">再好的法，也要人来执行。过去有人批吕日周，现在有人说仇和的怪话，我倒觉得，千人之诺诺，不如一士之谔谔。# @* @, z4 x- z% E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">当文字秘书，必须具备身在兵位，胸为帅谋的自觉性，这是其一。其二，必须具备较高的悟性，善于学习上级方针政策，善于领会领导意图，善于掌握基层实际情况。其三，要有较高的理论和文字功底。否则，还是改行的好。8 m0 f& b4 r1 P) ^# g7 l: h5 L4 |( L' _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个人观点：现代社会的整体框架应以现代法治和民主为基础，德治伦理应作为法治不及处之补充，法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。6 Y# p9 o! |- p( u: } Q
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; `* Y4 v( B; P9 a- F& _. fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法制是必须的，维护统治者的利益，德治是教化，是辅助法制的，利于法治的推行。3 z0 X, i! N# J. A; {, h1 `2 Q% n
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">秘书也要有德：想领导之所想、忧领导之所忧，是根本要求。' d3 Q& O# }$ x. Z7 F
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4 ^' W! a3 z. Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">法治与德治，不是根本与补充的关系，两者都是根本性的治国手段。# g1 q, p! [, a) Q4 k$ }0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子按照知识结构而言当属杂家，按照主要贡献来说当属儒家！
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* Z: [# s0 F, X0 }- O. ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。" u" @, \" I" c* zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 E2 v, a: W: w7 s. U
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& _& g$ f, c4 C7 y+ ~# n
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这个观点也值得商榷。习总最近说：人无德不立，国无德不兴。德绝非仅仅是个人之事，而是关系一个国家治国方略的大事。古代中国被称为礼仪之邦，就突显了德治的治国方略。1 W% s) E, E: w- U. U+ ]4 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 {3 b, K9 t6 l; G( z+ M% D4 q6 z4 y f' p. }7 P: f$ |" |$ \1 f6 R& T! u* _# ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我举一例，扶老太太，就用这个案例来说一说德治和法治结合吧？怎么能让国人敢扶起老太太。不然，应该很多人想去扶。不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德6 V9 U4 s3 ]% v# j5 t# Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& J1 R) N) h Y1 E8 E# ]3 x 1 K2 f1 `9 u- U* X6 n5 T& t7 c0 A. E) J! ?( M5 \; U" ~. a
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:7 V# R/ g; v u' D9 x$ T+ J+ J
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老所言有理，但是您说的国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？国之法我认为应该是契约精神，这应该是主流. T; a- R- v* J1 {4 n
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6 H- S$ p U6 e: lTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：3 `0 K+ \" s: e4 t: Q' B9 d0pt">
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. d$ m1 H: K) U- z- u- n: g) ?) h2 G2 b/ Q) t/ S$ R9 N. Q. _6 o$ ?) ]mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
, P" ^2 k5 C* u# v* f) g' ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德/ x& U C5 {5 |3 F. m1 R
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——; h9 Z" x2 D* X+ ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 {: A/ h) P. t/ X6 ^7 D2 `
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">太推崇法治了。可以扶，可以不扶，怎么选择，是德的修养，不是法的欠缺。德政礼治，需要全社会共同推进，不仅仅是执政者的修养。秀才遇见兵怎么办？ [7 A$ {" k, }) g+ I4 B6 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼6 G. p* B' I# w$ g. U4 Vfont-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ _2 g* @% E$ U8 `
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。) \) Z) @. D3 F: _+ t0pt">——( ]( `/ n% i: y% G$ M3 t$ [) YTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* Y5 `& a; S$ l% h& e
mso-font-kerning:0pt">这就奠定了他作为儒家继承人的地位。后世一些儒者不承认这一点，有点门户之见。荀子处战国后期，百家争鸣时代，吸收道、法等各家学术观点，不奇怪，也是儒学发展之必要，必然。国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？2 \! |3 m$ S( v5 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 J! c8 T( _1 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 J- Z4 t6 I9 X1 S7 C( hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其内涵具有时代性。当今时代，就是社会主义核心价值体系。其具体化为社会主义核心价值观。十八大报告有表述。十八大报告用1 V$ R5 m5 j! G3 J( omso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 g" x+ v5 ]( U1 ^, Y' d: z$ Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' G& l0 O) N' P% Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三个倡导5 k8 Y1 o" d3 C" c& G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ V) r4 ?9 B/ d* R
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* Q& R% y8 r* ^2 c4 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">表述了社会主义核心价值观。在国家层面，倡导1 n9 c8 u% e6 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# A3 _( @ Y! O' A z9 w2 r
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 m2 v( t- E- k7 k! c$ B% P( o: b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">富强、民主、文明、和谐3 k ^1 Q. p! Y0 U) h1 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 U! v5 i9 Z! j5 W8 m) dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 v; J3 \3 @$ v4 m/ M- F0 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，是到本世纪中叶建设社会主义现代化国家的发展目标，已经写入党章和宪法，反映了党、国家和人民的共同意志和中华民族伟大复兴的光明愿景，是国家主导价值观，在核心价值观中居于统领地位；在社会层面，倡导0 z! u1 C" Q# {- u9 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 N* Q" V X: D4 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( N" X! V- C' a' P
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">自由、平等、公正、法治- X9 V6 K P: Y6 r) R) M% s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，既是引领现代文明走向的人类共同价值准则和理想社会目标，又是我们党和国家始终追求和奉行的核心价值理念，着眼于确立社会发展的价值导向，在核心价值观中发挥着重要支柱作用；在公民个人层面，倡导0 m/ X; k) u8 M6 u! e" mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- K+ t1 c" x# Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& J+ l, E8 S& p0 e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">爱国、敬业、诚信、友善6 @+ e3 a# s9 P" P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，着眼于构建民间社会的底线伦理，是作为价值主体的每个公民所应遵循的根本道德规范，在核心价值观中居于基础地位。社会主义核心价值观的表述，涵盖了社会各界的意见、反映了现阶段全国人民在价值共识上的最大公约数。% {9 L5 z7 k% l/ i* P( A) b* w& ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 B0 c9 D4 C# ]; bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就好比刚一位兄弟说的，我们作为秘书，有时候会遇到低水平、低能力的领导，但按照契约精神，我们既然进入这个行业，拿了工资，就必须做好我们的本职工作，服务百姓，服务领导，这就是我们的本职工作5 S& P: w& m8 R
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">上善若水：1 ?+ y1 Q3 R# J; t) S5 D6 H" s: Q# a0pt">
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! C+ ?3 {9 i5 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德政与法治，关键还是执行的人，执法者、执政者的道德修养如何起很大的作用。7 a! w6 P, |2 w% f! u
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6 f U2 p$ u. V+ ? K$ w% `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德政与法治，关键还是执行的人，执法者、执政者的道德修养如何起很大的作用。! ?% z- o1 ?% l, K" Emso-font-kerning:0pt">——- b& Z! _1 r6 V( ?7 m1 }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* v3 `0 w* Y6 d6 F5 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这就是孔子提出( _; w% y* ]( k, C' jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ Z- N+ [5 [. \5 T; zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 |5 }: ^: l' J# ~7 imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德; O8 |4 P4 r) M3 V- y: P3 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的道理。这可以作为今天的总结。" S8 |7 k; f8 a7 l
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是上层建筑。* J8 r. a4 n i, a c" P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德与法都属上层建筑。法是政治制度上层建筑。德是思想领域上层建筑。希望大家在学习党的基本理论方面，多下功夫，坚持数年，必有好处。再见，谢谢。! x- k+ l% e, n C& N gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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