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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网# z) W9 b/ {( l1 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ4 N) I W8 U4 t3 t9 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。+ A: u, U f$ `/ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- v# S' {7 W! P$ O- Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">5, I3 w6 `. G) D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：9 f; t& O# p R! K+ }# v/ o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：" E, ]0 I0 `' V: U+ z/ {+ j& l$ ~4 G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 ?) N' S4 _+ ?mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。9 P" D4 O0 S, k' \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：& R) Y& o0 v6 T! p( w6 a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。# N( m8 G- r: q1 T; |& ?color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. ^" y7 S' n! f/ g3 F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：: k+ ^: _8 }3 P' |0 j9 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" l9 {( Q# G% f1 k* H. umso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？" Q4 g! `3 g( w i) t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：" S- h C2 c+ s$ o" H
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。, Q1 U2 K- z v$ X) [color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。4 _3 R0 y" s5 y, o% }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：% m* X) {8 _1 b5 l L- E' [$ F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。6 g( O5 m; T; O6 D- ]$ z- L7 g9 v4 w10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: X& @# A- {! h& l, r1 M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：1 K( R% t/ D% ?* s3 r3 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。9 l c$ E, _" D: imso-font-kerning:0pt">"& K( c& D( l! s, p& R& ~! z& _* Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：% F+ d9 V9 K3 c
mso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ s0 D' t$ o; v( h" C3 b6 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢- P# K$ F8 F" D* q( Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 1 u: F7 j4 c! }$ Y0 ~0 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ |4 j2 P% K& I7 s/ T* q0 D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说： B6 K6 z* ^8 c" C0 }, Z3 _) E2 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。: Q% I. @1 |& K% t5 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是$ e: v7 {1 G- h& M5 }10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ W) I, i! h. Z, O% ~0 ?" S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违, @) I: P/ Z" a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得+ E7 ]- w& l; R( J' o% D0 o# m7 p- U$ |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲% y5 l, u- y9 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 | e( {: u6 w; v3 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违% f# `6 J7 L# Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">” F$ ^8 z; {( A$ Z8 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 a( ?% W0 F5 N, o+ E
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，2 g" [- H: q. F! d& J, V
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# L7 e0 _, I6 m3 n" F1 ?& z7 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。; I, h7 g+ _ y5 y0 {! D
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. H) G+ }9 A; ?# ? ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 q" {/ F8 v) H% z1 @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。) n4 ?. H9 |& \, ~% d: H9 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？1 l# P: P& ? v1 J5 m) w/ ?10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。 E7 s9 S5 q) s7 M: cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：. k+ h* ^( b7 n/ N/ n7 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义: w. i" U$ o$ L+ m6 u7 c* rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！" [! B K& @! l' k) |mso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 V: o* c; g7 U# x4 S. c( E& Y( U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。( d5 Z7 Z2 Q$ Y( {' r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述. a, P/ N0 W; w; {! {6 l+ Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">21 M( k6 I2 M9 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊 j) ~! P. x1 \5 D9 K. Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。/ l* _! k4 V6 k4 G) o3 U9 K
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