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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网0 K9 t% g# t/ ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。" _5 h: p# i9 z$ `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：! `& v/ B9 S3 z9 t5 c$ \0 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第& b4 r( P5 M5 u1 @% b9 ?, h) vmso-font-kerning:0pt">5! s& v5 p9 Y2 P7 ]8 ]4 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：3 R9 x0 p3 @* T `2 @* O1 T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：* r) W& i$ [$ k8 [" ^% S" n; {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" J9 G6 `& q8 S- ]* Nmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。. R5 y8 Z9 g& {& w9 Z( z- x0 W. `
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( E0 `7 [; J& u: t, F- Omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：9 Y9 X3 u( ?, |: Z/ }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 }; T0 H, n/ A. f! K1 Dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;7 r) i1 p: @! b9 m
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。5 `2 e' [2 _6 [5 ^color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; S2 f0 w5 l1 g' K o7 yTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;1 F: ~- a# r, j# j* A
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：' Z; W6 ?- T( h+ R/ Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？3 U: ~4 j& G: h4 [: U+ Z8 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ w: m" a' ~( P/ f! h$ r8 Wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 \1 T7 c$ M7 i" N" `( ]8 D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ c* d! S- M8 G/ B& `' s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。& g) Q$ f, t imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：; ]9 L. ~. ], K; V4 X10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ V) Y8 {" K* i/ v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。( R& N; u; u+ y U5 s7 e& H$ p10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 t* O/ |6 C0 O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：. K9 S8 `7 O+ R# B# `+ J8 K0pt">"3 Z$ c$ U: C2 u3 Jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:$ j. }& c+ E8 a2 v0 p# J8 e
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。# N+ u0 o5 ^. r3 w5 {0 n5 n9 v4 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：1 A; d$ r _4 m |. t7 ]2 N' `- {mso-font-kerning:0pt">"; P% I+ O' ]6 o: D, `* c0 R5 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢7 P) K1 B, V( F5 H% p
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说： b$ d4 P( S$ p" _# _2 N9 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。& }; [1 f# [6 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是9 }( [0 [ ^4 p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？: L l0 F+ u1 {: D5 Q9 Y10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得7 |$ K6 U& c5 {7 V! D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违1 t1 v6 b. O6 s1 Y* _8 S* H( x" O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲6 l" q0 M$ U9 L; l2 I" h4 R+ Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 b' |. h7 b4 j% b8 _: {* x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违( ^" f0 K. u% {" c+ D; s6 V
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 v. ?( {! r4 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ V* n' h t4 Q% i5 ~
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，' i V/ }& h* A% a1 ^) q, {, Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 e2 _. T2 i6 k: F7 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 O8 p% `) | g" Q! y: w
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ v1 h: j) L' K) ?3 ?7 X0 w- x3 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 D( H$ \8 U8 C$ r" t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。- u1 w {+ F! q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？7 [0 N- d$ J9 e10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。. t2 Z5 ^8 n5 ]3 ?% Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：* v: h7 I; b! W) x& J2 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义 W4 R% h `3 S% |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！- b. b; q7 O. c/ g6 _6 A$ E10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！+ I7 L0 R: V3 E: v/ }5 [" M# U7 t+ [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。$ L- |; v; P" v6 ?' {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述' w! Q: E8 a6 R1 S5 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊6 S4 B \. R: _# u3 X5 r3 {2 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。2 \) L/ [9 g$ Y5 i K5 z+ T* [- {- }
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