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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网" I6 Z7 s+ H ?9 i( Z2 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ4 G5 Y; S o) xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。6 r: x' |0 l: G. p F, W. ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：! w" M# B8 g O2 a! ~& D- ]* Z! r% V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第7 B( e; ^0 I: I' o1 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">53 y8 j. v0 B/ @+ e/ P
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：) a5 @9 V6 d c2 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：! D3 _8 |/ W* e; D8 h8 P! r1 p
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! v/ _3 R& C2 t" Q$ ]
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。0 h* T- e% j& g ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 B+ m7 o3 V# X4 x0 I7 Q" C( `mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：' S3 f+ A0 l3 u1 ?8 O" omso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ }3 v8 U& T1 v1 j* M& f6 f* M% w6 Q( [
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。" n+ W" d9 W! S
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：8 T+ C: v9 F5 T8 P: _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？' @' y) f) L: ~- Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 f2 s) I/ G) Z8 U( I1 K5 Jmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：9 ?+ p [$ E, F; s2 \; Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ c% c# l3 V( l* B: Q7 R5 s6 O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。, F& I" R) T! R# z2 D) T, ^, ]8 Scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。7 \9 a+ Q' t M2 t* ^
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：5 O# e1 V( f9 D3 t' E- a( M9 k( z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 w" n; F6 h4 O/ U: n) L
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。* u3 F& @# B, a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：' g5 `1 {* G$ M: e0pt">". r% f, L' `- n3 u8 ?# omso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。7 j! U7 [8 d: r" rmso-font-kerning:0pt">") d# G" z: W9 l) H; Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. q7 |, d) Y* E1 G4 w' m2 j
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：5 O/ b* C: y! Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ Z% u7 X% ^0 R. }. \: p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢" o7 z: h K7 }8 s4 l4 K! z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" : v; n2 {8 b7 p2 N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：( r5 J- [; H$ s2 s: O! n
mso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ R* W% b2 K/ ]5 s( x7 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。0 j Q! E. q3 m6 S8 B& _; Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是: I1 Q4 ]7 A- V/ u( g# o10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; M! _! r* V6 [2 f% m- }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违 @2 ~9 ?$ K, R* j: {3 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得8 e) y% M; \. E( q$ y8 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% Y0 Q3 y. Q1 T8 @/ q; B# rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违% @! ~, e/ q9 ~1 d2 W! Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& |. D0 S1 p6 q$ m1 W. vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. L, r, \5 n B7 E! W8 ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲# c/ W& j. t0 p0 G/ ^* l8 K* `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 D) t' o" Z$ [8 v$ R1 r
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违2 H. q' B9 \7 T, n
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ y) B1 A4 T9 t* }; ^% V* t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，, l4 b7 p3 A, y0 w% amso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 g5 v: I. @% h. F" L* ?$ Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# r3 X7 \2 z( Z* ]1 ~
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。+ z$ Z) ]: r/ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( \" s* D6 A; k4 j( \- U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。/ U7 |9 ]" `9 y! C' I( f* omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？; h$ b( z; N; E9 D6 ] v+ ?10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。- E( Y! A( Q/ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：) t" L! T& U6 J& ^' r; M& O. {0 M
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义5 h6 G! d4 \9 s( t% g' T @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！: s+ [/ O( ]7 a2 j9 Q, Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——" }$ m) M. \; Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) a8 V# t6 y6 z& _8 \! b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。9 }5 w% W6 Y9 a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述! _$ c* k I w* i; Z6 i* e
mso-font-kerning:0pt">25 V3 ^+ T6 d1 q Z" }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" q1 O9 P9 O& o" p1 g% {/ Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊) F3 ^5 r5 u5 P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。4 I# h( b" v# L2 O# N2 m. U' X
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