4 S& k1 {, d& y( R k- [mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网; {) H6 L3 B" r6 Y! }mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ4 E/ t- `5 c0 d9 n I. p2 s) Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。$ l/ s* A/ U. ^+ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：3 _8 i; Y+ E0 n6 W% p' y: a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第3 h8 a; T% T' a& {
mso-font-kerning:0pt">54 F1 `+ I; ]8 F* v/ Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 C/ V9 j B: B; ^! I: K) s; A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：5 z9 [! ?; Z8 f8 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：/ P1 P" Q! D& D; T' w% V1 O: Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ u& @( s' t+ e$ P$ Rmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。6 G& m9 m, l* B* c$ J% `
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：* T! J' I) a- o/ x) C0 P* O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。, m; g0 e( J, \. H! L4 V- s9 g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：/ ~1 d5 K2 k+ h# B% |0 G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？/ S: h, T& P; t% nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: d, `0 B* z, N& z4 G6 {. P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：# x, ^+ z$ Q, e# _% }8 }* Q1 D* tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ l; O( V7 x0 L. |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: Y- l9 E: C% j- @! n+ C+ a$ icolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。' E! C4 \; r8 t# I [$ g7 b7 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：* s- L! f% \/ O4 B10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* x+ n: Q3 z- s0 i* P8 W% |mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;+ _8 G; p$ Q7 w3 T8 T/ P$ {
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。' d/ F; d/ v) i9 O0 _10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 s2 O1 R. O/ ^* H: z Kmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;' d" f. ^ a% P3 K6 |. B2 ^* y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：" y3 T4 I* R0 o- a0pt">"7 \+ k, x9 U/ z( i F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。, m# R( G {5 ?, N4 h/ t1 i$ A
mso-font-kerning:0pt">" i1 X/ Q/ A: k' y5 D2 o% o3 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 w8 H9 Z) z+ G$ ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：5 _, b5 G6 y, M5 U( |( z2 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢; d) {; V3 p7 b1 d1 Y8 ]) h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：( O8 p; H& s9 B: N3 Z" ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">": _9 t2 n" l# `" i8 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。/ q2 }$ g6 f/ c5 |" m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是* a/ s) ~, z1 q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ l: v( V3 x0 N" _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得- Y& e, ~8 S2 W0 s, Z" f j: |! O! N
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% b3 k) ]2 k1 a" E! k8 C$ e6 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! ^" W8 b" S! @% {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违! e( M* H+ M$ } h# V
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲" H' c) A& y O# L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违4 B/ i' F3 O o4 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( m V% E: B. x% w. F% I+ l- I+ c8 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，+ P, v9 r2 T: xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' S0 P) l$ h) `! o' T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。# j0 |% o% K. D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。" G6 h6 d' ^' U& Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？( q/ K7 L* _8 W2 \' f& e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。3 m' d w; F9 N8 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：: X5 @6 s$ b: t7 \0 _6 p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义( A% B0 @; `( H/ ^, ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！, b$ q1 l2 H& W9 V! E4 i/ c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。1 T4 F9 ]; ]) l2 q0 q, A" nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：4 o! F/ q; h5 p4 W! d$ M5 T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) P! a& S3 B5 G$ d6 B. B* amso-font-kerning:0pt">2; Q, t0 m. z' [) e4 f7 u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊2 R/ h, P7 j& z- d1 f' X- q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。; @, g; w3 Q5 T5 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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