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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网9 ?( W8 G% K6 q. G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。: D8 E/ t3 X3 \9 @" rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 F6 h) i9 G& K2 ~8 j' {. U# ?4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">50 A$ r9 e5 c5 h. D) O1 C: w7 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 }" h9 o6 b1 n# O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：- j7 W! a1 t; v* R; h+ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：" m2 b" `1 \9 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 o4 ~+ O, F4 f+ }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。+ O% w; e) O1 ?, f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：2 G f* r' P/ s( V9 v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。4 G" d) w: E8 c8 ^" A& B9 Y) B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：8 F6 Y' K' n* O# f, A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？8 _( J, q4 V5 A5 K$ U% G# Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 ?1 A1 g; x# z" ?/ ^& K1 ?# e' V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰： G. i- c8 V7 I0 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. E; e' o* S/ Z* j( T) |6 tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;4 U' A" D; I" l$ W& M1 d$ k
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。& O& Y; u& K* c( n! V" u6 I0 T! mcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。" Y6 S" \: s" ?" ~# d/ O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：9 q! K& E) _ A: O, P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ `0 b& |- r8 E+ N8 t" }2 ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。* a! ~! Y' ^' o% o$ i10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 p+ D' E+ P& a2 Kmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：( Q( U7 D: G) y' ^( P& G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。7 n5 f! _! c8 F/ m! s0 v( Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 z# X t) X+ a# V u- `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：0 A7 p6 o- D" r" R1 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢* d2 |* k3 {- s6 E3 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：/ U# b# q; t( K& I* Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"7 r6 ~) G$ n6 ~2 q+ L( A' t: g" E6 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。* S2 ^4 f# S/ }/ bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是" i/ K! E. ]1 E) B. q4 K$ f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% Y0 |- P2 B6 M, g, {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得0 Q- H9 O4 N& P& }! Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 A J, v" k- ]" J ]
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲! b: B( b+ I( J2 |' z5 J/ y. }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: d( Z2 S9 H/ E- R' j+ ?' D. O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，* p! l5 l2 Q! {) m7 Q, w4 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ T' o1 Z$ ~1 ~+ ]) ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。" U! D+ ^6 x0 b. J0 }& y& U+ }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。 ^" u# e/ S' Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。3 {# r4 h# c& [+ |* Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义 B: l4 B: R2 S. bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！, b9 Y$ r8 E2 M+ f0 c( j9 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。 k4 P" a& {$ c; i$ o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) Q. m- V9 B' i8 v. X" smso-font-kerning:0pt">2. M7 B" z2 q. ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& Y6 a: v6 I! W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊/ g- `8 o/ F' R5 b2 g' L7 I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。" n7 [6 V# h, N/ V: |- W+ smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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