, D! a. i7 i( k. B
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, % x0 ]0 n+ s& I
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, * @+ W( b4 v$ C/ ^9 s0 j# n i; ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, ; ] I. E2 g; I& [9 Q/ c* m9 E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,( \. N$ ~$ @! A, n) K4 u! m5 Z2 l
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
0 i9 f. @4 [( M- ]. N7 {
- D6 t- t0 \6 L, ~0 T6 |: qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 7 f1 ~. Y Z0 ^: v: C a2 ?
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, ) V3 ^8 M" q9 q- n
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
5 x$ O# y% b) u+ ]7 v6 x
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, 0 m+ G! n+ e! d3 `# `9 y! M' I宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 1 \) \) J. R( K( Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, . o, a& ?3 U3 ?9 h2 N' Tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 6 R3 M* ~8 Y8 c3 e- o3 R) A6 T/ W
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
& D- S- B& z T+ D; z + j4 M, Z+ _% o& U7 j8 `# E
' v/ S3 T; {% x8 R. }8 U: k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,
# D. O4 C- z3 C3 Z! M Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) Q' R6 [4 K9 _4 F. T; M. q
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
" Z6 h8 ^) I% @$ i
. m p8 _7 H( q# E) R6 F2 t0 ]; [( {% |- S
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 6 n2 c. R+ l. G1 f; i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 8 y v! I* Q9 |$ @) L& K. E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” ' ?9 X1 Q" L7 k+ A' @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 4 [1 Y9 z# q# \7 f( V4 m
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” , \6 C: w, r1 P( ~4 e3 Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, ' ~4 O. p$ d$ J; w. A- p1 H: cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 U* p; a0 I) A. S/ k
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, # S- o. V) \- D4 _/ G- O
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, ( o# h. M. p6 x9 D( Q0 z. @1 A
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,* n9 z8 M' |! z2 z; e
7 e3 v: g; f9 V/ W8 M
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, & u+ L$ O7 V9 _/ s9 E/ ?& }; V
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 6 g) F8 _ H9 y; W2 v! o
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 c( s! ~" }2 L4 {7 o% Y$ p
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 5 J8 U- U/ N3 y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 5 n6 a8 q* ~6 N5 \% s. }0 W# Y( l& s9 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">“ - k/ ?' M- ]3 C B
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 7 s7 P6 ]9 j# q) M+ z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” 5 w4 v+ _4 I+ z/ h) t( q( Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, ) S4 g7 |: i8 y" W, }& Q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ i. d1 x3 ^0 G; r2 b
"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:2 O; I& f2 C% `$ F% [; T4 D4 s
k. f: Y& Y: t; I
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
6 t6 |# [# v8 p! v
( }3 C6 @) e! f h3 g% X! ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 7 r# F* V4 `+ g2 |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, : Q4 \" e. p2 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' o9 o6 O7 J+ R! ~9 S
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,, b' C9 `, _. n& U) r6 y
$ {+ E( A0 _5 l0 {5 d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, % {/ c' \3 p: f7 Z8 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- X, i2 h' F8 u8 N
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, . }7 ` z6 J6 U. \. \; Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7
3 _9 S8 B b/ P- @, ?2 [; d ; ? r' [5 B) E" x0 Q V
3 j+ w/ z' e7 e0 L8 ]6 y( _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, % S: B2 R4 `2 v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 8 w; p; w& H) k( c, ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 6 i+ G9 a1 v% W1 q* b$ T8 D0 mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 7 J& Y' u9 Q/ M0 v( O宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, # y# E2 ^; A- R! Z; _3 q* A
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 R: W, ?# p# v8 U; K: j
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ # n z% E, e! Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” ) U- p& ] }1 e' j2 }+ M L宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
5 Z+ V5 r4 Y. |* R, |
4 g$ E/ L9 H' t# W$ {* m3 e; Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
) x) o1 E! j, X _' |( w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; p+ Y% [+ p" n5 c6 c
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
9 w6 t6 ]! w9 z% @ 2 K6 B* F& V9 Q1 i# Z
! x' v( t6 x# o7 Y2 [$ b/ s/ d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, ) k6 n4 {# n( t& o. P5 _4 o
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 1 @' Y- u) E8 \4 c( F
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,4 S9 O. K8 J) ?0 M
+ J9 p b* ^3 S" L0 f9 Q% K3 T
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 1 g; ^2 W1 M% G2 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" B' F' F% N- q2 A! Q" p
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,6 I. O( G& I H+ ]: P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 4 ^- S. Q- J9 V0 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 y: h# Q0 N9 e9 {6 E
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题" K T7 x2 T, n' e. X2 l
12.0pt">: % k" A) ]# e9 P5 L5 Y8 Z"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: & q( ~: V f. K5 n" Z# k. K0 s; X E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才# O* u& X- X- ^12.0pt">, & u+ C4 v: V; ^0 r* ]- O! f9 B"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, # w$ \7 h& ~/ O$ kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: o$ Q1 D- r. {1 M% B5 [7 q: j
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; " z& {" k1 H9 d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, " L% ~. j" j, m% R; n5 b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 0 O7 ?2 Q: z8 p/ Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题$ X: `8 I# C+ ?5 \5 w
12.0pt">; d) N& `* S+ ~/ d"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 7 l9 _. s" R5 q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' C6 j7 Z, a+ r7 u6 _( e
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求" I5 e8 X9 ^* R( ~; E
12.0pt">: 5 k! ?/ F' ^% d- w( s' ]
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; 5 D. C! X! ~+ D4 t6 U' T/ Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, ' }+ z E5 Q5 ^! n7 D0 smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 9 ^0 i- u3 M8 y7 Z+ `: lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 S2 c# c/ {5 @# K1 \7 M u
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统3 ]8 m: x3 F, E9 \! [12.0pt">:
" d9 a* b& i5 z4 l) w, E
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ 6 X( e, C2 p% ]% P3 Y: m6 `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” ! U/ n0 E* B% Z' p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
3 w' Y% y% z3 G* b mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
9 r- M/ `2 s( C3 f
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
, U+ \- q/ @; Z# p6 O( q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
0 X+ K& L8 l+ `; v4 @! l; w, ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
& m' `# h; Y+ R( Z# z/ [" p& {
2 b7 y+ A" f$ u8 J, R q( L% E9 h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 8 z* d$ S; { D4 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) k$ Q% j% M* x" u b
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, ( B) i0 s9 o$ J* V宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 0 F; g: J- I4 A8 n. @ R0 [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,% M, Y1 k$ D, i y% r
, K. i9 w5 z) Z& S# s/ Pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, & F" E6 i0 a* H6 c" l. m& l5 [2 O! Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, ! h c( O T+ D5 b5 z$ A
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 1 u* x; Q4 c" Q4 `: Y1 B6 T$ e+ t
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 4 W* u% {: P5 T9 P
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 2 t6 `1 f! r- U6 u/ @+ |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 9 G6 J1 k' o ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ v: d, H+ b/ ]& y/ O2 Q A$ {
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, 8 j# R% b( q% o3 `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
% y$ o6 X$ z5 l% Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,; H# t" D& f4 t4 K# ^! k9 j/ g, l5 ^ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 s. b. F6 C, O4 X- j. } "Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定* f% i$ }; L2 b. R12.0pt">, 3 q- p7 \ X9 D+ [! t' ~"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 9 K- o* r. v; c) }0 y" ?, E font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 u4 b0 \: r6 ^0 h: `, M1 o- @& a "Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:0 p, ^; u3 B$ B: {& _* y* ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, % S$ Y; T) {& ^ 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 5 i6 }& Y6 f; x) J$ `& E, F font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' a1 C/ J. j+ }$ V$ G7 ~$ t "Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, 1 J( P" D1 K' [8 R; `' J6 s$ c mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 7 z3 w. i* t& I7 E font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: : q& N9 F) X+ \! a宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ / E3 O; }+ c& L; T7 ]' O 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, * A8 \, S% Z& [5 |7 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊
| 欢迎光临 老秘网_材夜思范文 (https://laomiw.com/) | Powered by Discuz! X3.4 |