: F/ M% b8 z, o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, , \. s _$ t1 _& B H; L, s8 ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 4 K3 e/ M$ ^' g5 z7 Z+ qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, . t |5 d8 b6 O
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,: U3 K' y5 Z) q# ~. B4 b* l
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
( e: i- j# T# w6 E% J$ K
6 h9 T9 ` N' Y" D0 kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, ' S& u" V/ ^4 ]9 L6 d; x7 I% i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, " E; s# l& I4 ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
* D# S$ a |7 N" G* i4 `4 {# Q7 S# a4 a
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, # t! F- |9 f9 X. u( |/ q0 v
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 1 k- T3 H8 B5 W+ Q& w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) c- w3 @* z h% q* N V2 i9 v
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, ! ] `% `* n# S1 ]- h& q8 R
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, : V" x# z. x) O6 n9 k6 j7 U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
( Y% U" {9 A% T: T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,# F! d' `' ]1 j1 P0 W4 t3 T `. w
) U+ y& n# g2 y3 Q P6 A# J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
& D; }1 e! Q% P3 z5 e' o; s
3 S; S- R* A6 [$ D& T6 G) S$ j
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 1 X9 i3 W; H9 N4 T
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 5 B+ S( R2 c6 I: @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 8 y. R$ }. z. u1 U o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ : V# y5 Q9 m# P2 p0 s+ U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” # Z5 w2 a8 v9 i! C5 l/ S( y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, . {# q; ?1 V8 [$ x6 _# N! e
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ O1 B; W* r- O; `: C4 {
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, # d4 Z6 V2 r# Q$ r+ q% e
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, % \* p) @/ e, _8 k" w" Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
3 z8 ]6 e6 b* Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, " F" p W* @, j8 l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 7 }/ N: P3 g+ Y/ b
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ K% K; X2 o4 c/ d( L
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 8 s- p: Y; a8 i$ A7 z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 3 g" ~0 S: z3 i3 G) k0 E" q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) l! k) t, @; e) l5 l" E9 c4 k
"Times New Roman"">“ ' H2 V0 Z+ [; Y& T/ O5 c& M+ c3 O
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? / T, W" C" K5 V! \1 h4 {0 h
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” {8 v; C9 g! ^- f3 ]1 ~- l
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, ( U6 ]2 ]/ i C) t3 @4 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
2 }! X. t6 m- U# ^! Q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
6 c* h/ B1 X3 p) {/ [0 U1 q) `
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 1 p' m7 a' o) L' o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 3 W- M" y( K$ ?! b* _: n8 K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,! ?, `; s) @/ R9 f) J: C; v9 P6 s+ @
+ N4 `2 }# {% h# q3 cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, * ]# ^/ c) m/ z* Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, % W u9 O3 h# p0 x. _$ b, ?
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7
' C6 Q/ q; J0 N* y( Q) U
, o, L9 h6 K- Y" H v
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, $ m, G$ j; a- d6 `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 7 Z# l/ v% \. e, j( |' Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 0 R2 N9 w" i- s% X
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, / {7 i+ B$ E- Y- N& E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, _/ j/ g V" p% v0 @5 w. [8 Z3 A
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ + p+ s9 { B% L# }! y) T
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” : M+ o; d$ Z0 P( k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
0 z7 I8 Y, }+ w# J
; g9 P) @1 r }/ P1 A
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
% i, P7 d& p0 m- e& K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. s, _ a2 Q }; W/ v$ C) c4 J
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
' [% ?+ w7 M7 _( \
* @" Q' n2 C$ z: z Z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, , l& ~ Z z6 q/ n. t' I1 `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, : E( H$ n' j( m: Z+ N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,) i& M% O& i- w
; {2 F ?9 L" w9 X' S
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, % t a2 [0 B: g4 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 j/ q, L! U% s Z; ]& Y
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,+ [9 X9 Y& w8 n. A3 S/ L' A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, # C, L# K' Y* Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题; W' O# t& Q: n/ s R( k12.0pt">: ) b" T- S* l+ b( Y; s( o5 O4 T
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: * ^0 x) p4 ^ n" F4 |3 @) J& N3 E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才( o- F b. N* n' m; O& s& `: B12.0pt">, " T7 u. l& B# ~* V$ K5 ^0 t% W"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 3 g! E" N* O& _. h, y, nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ n! D, p$ T6 h) y% o, K( E" Q" K
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 3 }( m! j" w1 H2 y, v$ C% k) g
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, " k1 ?8 h5 \; }
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, % I, |# ~- N$ P$ x1 e8 _! e
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: R+ w$ q- ^5 E' x: M
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题9 n8 c: U. B/ M/ M
12.0pt">; 7 Y( `# P5 Y' u* w! h9 \# n0 o+ [
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, " b. E4 ]- P' f' F+ K' a: i3 C
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求% Y* Q! K& X3 J# b5 n4 G# T( ]6 o7 i12.0pt">: 3 z/ O7 B i- y
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; 5 d! i5 C! e; K- ]3 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, ; }) ]2 ~9 {8 S1 L4 U. J5 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, + c1 M+ ?! G/ W3 T. Y9 ?" X: Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统( Q4 {) y+ n) ~
12.0pt">:
: b j8 ^0 `/ z, H/ J9 z" {
( @& b: P/ q, A; l
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ & y3 J/ K5 @2 c) L1 b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 6 P, K: h. q. E- n/ O# k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
( `5 @4 ?# @% f# ^1 D7 M + @% k# @$ i3 i! q5 R( Y2 D
0 a% y) V9 p9 m0 _3 Q5 J mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
* J; w/ f' j/ Q5 c3 f' {$ x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
; X3 ?# H% W" }) u+ k" ]2 j, g% y
7 n- F9 x) f: r' W7 k! M7 \- d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,7 G) X/ K% r% u8 _! v& D
4 o( `3 O- n4 ?, V
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& g4 H* y( B T
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
# q3 d% I4 X" L, ~; f( t0 X
0 ?8 w" A. B+ o9 k! a$ M0 N9 f, p+ pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, ) }' G# B# s( f1 e1 M2 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, : |( B+ P* L* \) a9 T" h9 J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, : t, P6 Y8 H! v4 V
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: Y+ e. m2 G3 W6 p' u# J
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
7 s7 y0 C e- ~8 c
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, + b9 o% Y, b0 E/ |/ M
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, . r' q0 ]- z2 c. Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, / ~# N& E5 I& B, ]9 s7 J2 I宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: : B9 T& y& c1 e# b) z4 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, ; \: g$ F7 b- L, M% D5 Y% g
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, . h/ I5 y4 o$ z: R7 W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, 2 H: P/ e/ X/ J; ^0 a9 }: }5 G: B
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
5 F1 f% v3 V' o8 s4 Q: \
0 i; h8 K! j8 B, }' m8 k mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,+ a) j a, g/ ` font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 i9 D# Q0 B) @* Z "Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定1 s0 \! u" W6 A2 s12.0pt">, ' [ o" y* |* U; g, p5 B+ i+ I"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 5 s& a- y3 O6 v) ]% H# ] font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" p; N* D0 E, U% K$ z/ h& Z "Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:9 s8 B2 i# h; ?8 i V' i5 |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, ! t. O6 C( h Y* n, D 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 1 m3 a* [2 d3 B8 z& x$ pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ Y7 \( E9 n: ?5 s& S; n "Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, + E% E n: o" m. g mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, - q& B6 p6 a2 g) L( i% L- Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 7 \6 D% _ Y& p" j7 k, s' z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ % j+ D- A' t* o: ^ 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 1 {& {1 M3 e+ A$ b( y( a' ]/ K font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 `5 T" C+ {. A1 c "Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊
| 欢迎光临 老秘网_材夜思范文 (https://laomiw.com/) | Powered by Discuz! X3.4 |