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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： % @5 z2 j, q+ I- K1 r( x' x: omso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:) _) d0 I7 U/ d$ b5 y3 h! n
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* r/ _& I( Y! Q: k$ E7 T( ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. R( g6 `6 X, c) I/ c: y# g# R. Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">13 E2 V8 V: Q3 Y# ~% Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" r5 s4 W+ D+ v; A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。4 N+ d& e* ]- _5 f& i& }color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。6 e' G) s# V7 c [. {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 ~4 ~& ?( a4 q6 ]: ?6 ^9 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：# ]7 I3 g/ H- G: d# Z* r10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 l4 h3 r, i6 |, p ^( s' Vmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;7 f& L1 O$ `6 l9 q) ~9 x: J+ w
mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。1 z1 g! J" \2 X# y" w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？: G6 Y# w' O8 S3 K" f5 t- @$ Xcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: \0 m1 n1 o* I6 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。1 B, R3 R/ T+ J: t1 O5 a; E$ Z& [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服- c* t$ Z- R* t, R; ]/ s# w& |- Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: E% w3 \, O/ F' }5 i3 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。7 J2 s* g# a) N" \mso-font-kerning:0pt">" # i& }9 q. B, l2 q4 k: X8 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新+ A% S# ]! ^9 n5 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白! N5 n' w6 A, o' d3 q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学7 a1 R2 c5 ~; S) |1 O$ W- Bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # X& o& a! t9 d( O# Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么; J. @9 E( _9 J: [9 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？2 S0 P; T5 V; C( Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 e" f6 e: Q w& x9 u; I, n W' jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# U: [4 L+ u T9 K# w: ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。- X: |" `3 W# l- k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”9 w0 l4 A- S- _+ [# a: ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# T3 g' I& f+ P* @, Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊: p5 `% c8 Q& w$ M1 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ n- E5 q$ h( C" X3 Q1 Z( _+ T M9 J
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5 z2 ~: w! ]2 i9 l/ rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚9 [+ y) ]9 V h, A7 R8 E
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) Q- \7 s& K! k1 ?+ FTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：+ K! m( J- j7 u ]0pt"> 0 K ^4 e: B% p! M i
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4 J# `4 R4 ?, q) P g2 x0 a- gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！5 n8 q, I; H# P& I2 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假, E# A6 `# q6 d5 u( kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是. K3 t- W& @- ?2 W, umso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 {' i4 m. ~+ H) j, G u% ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& A( t" W4 s# n( z5 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题; X' R& ^5 L w4 g# ]1 W1 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ J* q* I8 r2 n. {, Z e6 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& Y% Y E; o; D, T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。& `# r( ^ g; U
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" [9 N \; M9 U. a' K; m5 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴1 T# P/ j: B3 Z3 w; y
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9 [8 U1 ~* j/ I! Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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