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. V/ c# t, `% A" b' U+ YTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网: F& T8 C# [6 f. Z! r y wmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ1 e: w: U9 M' |0 Q" {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。) M) o, z- r3 \: D% P
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! q1 ^& w- u3 f; M M: omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：, O$ f$ {1 s0 ?% x; ~: q+ E _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ r) h: w! M$ c3 r3 A0 t6 p3 f& B6 imso-font-kerning:0pt">5. y% B8 x- |+ T4 w0 d! yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 P+ {% x' z* f& B$ f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：- `) l H; B `- {/ imso-font-kerning:0pt">“: N3 k' ^4 R8 ~! E6 P3 N: G8 }mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;- z% \, i# n! e$ K
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。) Y' d, R9 }- s5 v; k/ @7 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：% v8 a- |) _6 r& J& wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: D M) B) P- U6 i5 Q* K( U4 B
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7 a! P: ^- [7 |% K0 I6 X: smso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。1 H, h" z4 z% e/ P9 j9 _! d* q
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- L1 } u9 D% Q3 a# u! vmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：& E6 c! [# @8 l& G2 l9 ^1 y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？ |( [; ]+ b' emso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 t; D% V0 D) |0 p9 ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：: {6 P' e6 U# Q4 W: ^
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! d3 [- M9 U! F$ M5 O5 imso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 S& U" c+ H+ B
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R/ O. z* I3 x. [2 D: Imso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。. W P! ?" q/ A3 g: J+ s% nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 ?" i' |( n" b7 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：7 Q( q, a: d* } R4 m4 q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; u0 B5 H' X7 c, y: S2 Fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;3 m3 z: G! h3 L; d$ X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。$ ?" q' X* c% n; ]: E8 M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：+ I+ s1 [3 X- f
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X4 e6 u+ y, B2 U: XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。# ]2 d8 J( m% W7 B" M6 G6 q5 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ z7 s" `$ d$ C# |1 m' u: ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% a# E, A9 z( i" j. r4 {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：; y: V- z$ D- v: j s! amso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ I. e3 |! l6 r7 S
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6 l ^% s1 V8 |3 G0 [$ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢# D! B2 e# p; n& C+ h8 Z: U3 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：7 x7 F( t: @2 J- y) T( B4 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"( \ c* b h, v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。$ o7 U) y! e; Q1 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是6 K ] e8 [/ t- B& l10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. K9 S) _: W4 T y! B- t% E; ]
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+ ~% [ ?6 k' d- X: I9 Q0 R7 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违7 ]/ x6 N4 R' y' X$ P$ [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得% \6 `& a. W: Z5 Z, P( G) Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ }, ^. _ W4 T- t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 M! x4 c1 ?* [6 q$ Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 @2 J' x( ]/ w! n" D+ ?: Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& s( i% w4 A. @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲0 [" W( _* L5 z3 H) l& qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 N- w8 J) B5 q# d9 e7 z& Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' W& @; a2 k" \* |1 b# f
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违0 `1 C# O3 p! w7 W( fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 G! O. u [* v9 N& o! Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) O G. _" W9 Q( ?) x2 C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，: ?$ ]6 K7 ~/ G0 s, p8 M* xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. @# I" u# D- n( s6 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
j& h7 o4 ^- d9 K" Z Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ w) R& k M/ Q# Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 m4 |, S7 h1 P3 P( x$ `
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9 A+ }" x! ]* V+ i" v/ f/ W( K# Y* gmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。7 S$ y, c, P8 u& c% ]* r" @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义7 z" @# q; C; k1 \) a, V; D: u/ c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！, k) h3 \& Q- M: b3 C. L" t' S) smso-font-kerning:0pt">——; c9 k) c J# W" y$ a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。0 }% e! n5 V7 i' s* x. h
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5 v. b7 N9 E( N4 D) l7 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述7 p) c* O5 f pmso-font-kerning:0pt">27 E1 g9 N$ N9 c! B, ^$ i/ i
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7 |$ T5 W \' a/ V7 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊6 u+ a' f6 U1 R6 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' G, t; }0 s+ WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。* F/ h, e& e& }0 G+ J8 U( }+ smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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5 |; b$ B5 ~8 A" wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。/ K& x- |! w$ i: _+ D0 {$ g1 F- emso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 ^" G+ k$ K/ h' W8 }) s& bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; y/ N* J6 g- P6 R3 o: h
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。, v# W1 X b! G0 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：3 [1 z# e4 v2 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) g& l! L2 I. w& ~7 f
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, L: b2 t# K- z- U8 |% d7 d3 X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。. f; K5 W$ Z6 B" M$ q/ r4 T, D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个: |+ W" W) e$ V+ p; P; j3 M3 J' z, Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 h6 j y$ [, n% [! i$ O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬! l) T0 F- j0 _+ _" B: E/ i
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, r2 V! m" {/ M, [3 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为" U/ g% Q# k6 L& T: i8 z/ m
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( O) P. H) o& e3 p' X4 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。. H1 V! \ C' [# H* ~6 X7 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* }3 B& |4 C5 A4 @" ]4 N8 N- ~* G1 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的3 \; Z' W( s1 t% L# j: I9 D: H
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. P. A. V/ P9 h; f/ G* ]3 E$ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思; t& t. B7 U( g) g. G5 j3 i
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