跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

9 a, p% C) y! c; omso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网9 D8 M" g& j3 V ?1 A mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ$ V- |3 J6 P9 s" S0 [ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。% r+ B: L, ]0 Y$ g5 P; w# r4 _! T mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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4 D6 m- ?9 d# A/ X; d0 O5 L5 u# ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 M4 ^8 {7 }4 Z, ^) ~! N mso-font-kerning:0pt">5* S. p+ a+ g. B4 x s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 5 [7 R) w# l( j, Y, cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：$ J' t! l6 {, Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">

" Z" Q& L8 \3 `- W, D; k2•5 ! b( Y1 t o2 _+ i u Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; + }' S" T* V9 m# g' R( ymso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：9 ~/ E% ~$ y0 f7 a N% S mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" E8 `. j, f/ k0 f1 @mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。" i+ q# z& w5 A8 R9 `2 ~, Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' p t+ B$ s0 j: R: Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; $ |3 H" t& A# R) Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰： L! m7 q' d& A$ b4 K y3 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ u7 O, ^. H9 w6 ` mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; E$ a5 y# h% n, I; {' rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。0 u/ L! a1 @' m+ f7 _ color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ {& ?8 C5 e& @! Z) n5 K; W6 u Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; + b, l. I( e! H' I# W7 c9 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：* I/ Y# M; A2 V* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 c# i% @7 @0 _ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / c& p9 J" a, Q) Emso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？* _$ v4 s; T! {& e1 ]* { J mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ I5 W3 k0 |. T, A& q( Omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , R& A: p8 K- j0 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 p; Q+ N0 U; T8 \) e5 Y mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 U% n% t9 w; T9 ^/ p3 p$ m @* B mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; $ H! H9 W/ |# q- ?% Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! |" Z/ J# Z' w+ N' @% e5 n' @color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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. }9 \# c* E# w: f# ^5 x$ ]$ t5 ]" d10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
, S' p2 D) z \! G4 g6 O, D, B/ j2 W: ITahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。7 E/ k, X! b- Imso-font-kerning:0pt">

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% {1 c6 Z6 i. a- Z# y Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：* c. r4 O( X# w% k 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) z$ p. E. |; V mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。 v) p5 w" g6 V10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 }, d. j. ]$ J$ w! n1 K: R8 N- tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / k) q O; A0 f" Z ?7 y3 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：6 |/ z* ?" `/ B% V8 o4 }! v/ J! m 0pt">"3 D8 k% b/ r; i2 D, R9 x mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: + |" V+ G+ b; \% nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。5 d1 f: k& x0 d5 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 p7 b4 t# w, H- `, \ s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 h/ l8 K; I; k3 p9 l# d% x! Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：+ F5 i# `4 x$ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ p3 W! C+ e+ e5 g( k font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢" R# E& e8 E1 n3 @4 a) ~; \ mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 6 E- }& l5 k; U4 V4 h: {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ K" s) D2 a$ S% Y0 _5 {7 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 R, v7 C" Q3 D" u0 t1 B: H mso-font-kerning:0pt">"% v$ P& x! |1 h$ b% c- S$ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。) |# G% y1 k- G6 @, t$ b5 u mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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3 L8 L5 C/ W% M. e, N 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
2 y; e: |* ^; X( P! A3 p, @4 F! M: t7 X3 l$ `( d* u) N o8 w/ `; T10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 4 k# ]( L8 [5 p7 b' ?! Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是! |9 Z' e ~$ D+ o! X 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 j1 q% n! a% O; [1 e% z$ h( }: J: O font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违( z: ~9 Y4 l1 F. ^& p$ w10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, k# M: N ?- f% I9 a3 i2 C! } font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; k7 c( a+ M2 H2 U. Y! imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？* b! @" j. p; l% D7 o" y" A5 ]" ^ 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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j6 x6 T/ U; r/ D$ i. \$ Y 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
: c. W( [/ T; d/ j9 l+ }) m, w* h7 y z. s& Q. ~Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得/ j6 @" f9 @/ H, L3 x0 J3 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) v/ t( J2 l1 Z# Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; % l( {3 f. V: w+ ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违7 X/ F; ?6 q Y5 f0 g mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ a* G- K b z! Z3 Q# Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲7 U' c2 K; f) m7 V. V; Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 |& j! j8 z8 [1 r8 b) x font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , k; g2 I! k5 h0 I8 l4 i; u/ s J Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违( e' `1 n0 ]$ I( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* G2 C2 {# E" ? k' }9 _) rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 5 h1 J9 S( X* h8 P4 u9 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，1 N8 E& x2 {( i y mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 v k' k1 H2 P font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. \ o: ~) G; c) \) o7 ]9 b mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% U# F! j: A8 b: h( F: M font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; % o3 @) x1 d2 X3 e% }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。7 s2 g& |" ~# c mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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I/ _5 ^( j% ? ~ 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
8 W) z/ k% O: H5 h9 w8 @# _6 _% |) J10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？3 ?, j( j$ d0 P# l, [10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

% j9 r- T1 Y b6 k' |8 L. ] 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
+ Z5 J$ E% c' r% X; K- W Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; + M9 b$ h0 ` M. f- i. d2 I- Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。0 j& f2 M/ i: U* m3 A) W5 Z2 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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% c* s& @3 e6 B' A/ Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：6 `" O% s2 K5 m( M$ k mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" u t8 T; {- K6 I( ~) D: _) V10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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: c! k1 G5 G; b$ ~ mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义6 S1 x3 u% _8 b' ?3 O mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 W4 z/ q" e" emso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ; R: T, }% v3 aTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：' ]: ^9 I: E6 d+ Y: Z( ^) l. x) A 0pt">

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7 M) o& e. Z& Imso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: $ h( `' V: H- `2 [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！2 p0 p7 W( I+ u9 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ d* M/ E! h/ s% }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。) ~/ [" i+ E: J# @mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 I/ n1 n) q- E' L 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

3 {! F0 F1 l6 t" H1 r' I mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 9 l. }9 Z$ w8 B+ S8 p" i" uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述/ M- w4 Y% s* e: ?( B mso-font-kerning:0pt">2- L8 i% A! L( A5 S4 _3 C8 p1 Q8 \ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 8 ^ A, U' H; ^+ y3 h* lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊; A; U# s, y! ^9 R# c4 K) dmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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6 k2 M9 M, o& O+ r8 A mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。3 ^8 r# z. t9 i/ f1 d* V8 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 i* b9 C# O& m8 c0 n font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: {4 w" c" c) N9 B% e! b+ I }4 Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">——" b2 s' A6 x& ]9 n# c" m, S' y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 J }+ Y, n$ @3 l: n0 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：! ^( c9 z0 T9 ` E- S; C/ T6 g7 t mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 H- ?# ^/ ~9 F J$ _0 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 8 L5 K8 }- Y( Z* B. L0 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。! u- O5 g9 x5 C/ W( G( y0 C! X9 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 m1 p, U2 s1 R1 j9 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 g, T: {0 o5 [. K% hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个2 W$ E, y: v8 N Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ z) S$ V6 r1 d. Q8 R2 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + n( p7 I0 T# _! Z( N$ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬: ^1 y6 S e$ l mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 \6 T) J0 r6 i% G7 N1 | font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . v E# S4 x: z" n' U/ pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为 y9 f; C2 I/ ?( `+ P mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; G, }1 w7 V* Q7 h font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + o! @7 h- n1 b6 g( Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道1 ^6 @8 _- g" E; v& z2 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* v( ?& c6 q7 W+ j) j% a( Y3 K1 Q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。7 f7 `7 [# f' B7 u& ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: \& Y8 m: T$ F, j/ Mmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：" X. X) x6 M7 s6 f- }3 j6 N5 M1 G, ^0pt">

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' v# Y; E. j7 Jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 6 q& @% e$ n* [3 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的! N) f0 ~) o2 M) B mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* {1 F7 X. W* E0 U8 U- \1 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . q0 K9 |* e% s- ?. Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺% {7 W( e O$ E mso-font-kerning:0pt">” u) @' r4 B- s; N7 R font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . }* O o2 Q2 C; n9 P, c- emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思: a9 ~2 H1 Y$ |8 C8 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服
. b8 M* l5 n- l9 i" d4 ?

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

* Z8 [6 O3 T% P$ b贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服