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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 6 B) {) y9 n+ q" u4 \1 U
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+ X' L0 M. q1 {# f9 D- m7 `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 S& f: a" Z0 w
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) K \' M) j, n' ^, P$ z. \mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：( K' i+ E* E. Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。- s6 C2 a$ d5 u" M* N) K/ pcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。- E5 }, ]% r# |9 _( `$ W Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。0 ]1 ]( H& C# Y
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! s/ F. _7 l7 F9 DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服/ X" i* L1 Z1 [ H& ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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\& \6 R* w: u8 A" G: @% m# RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢' @# b! I1 J& J. s0 f
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: M' |7 ^% I8 H; t2 a! @4 P RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学3 t8 @( F3 ~0 {6 x: j9 q Pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> & W; Q5 B! U! P% H8 _7 ?5 h% x
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' I; _! Q: M/ {" ~6 P- @% k- Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？' Y- j# m i# }- I$ @+ \
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( Z# Q/ u* W2 Z9 A5 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚 b4 n0 ~6 h3 z2 n3 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 A4 O- e$ P8 Y9 G$ m7 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！2 Q/ w7 ?. d+ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 ?- \' @ ~) M4 a7 y* Y% a
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0 E8 O& f! x- d8 N3 k( E& I+ d) F+ ?6 g! YTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Leslie% s( d' ^" _+ M
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, I- ]0 h9 \8 l# D* `* _' Z4 k3 QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假6 `7 H# \0 N7 C0 S0 u! v
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3 P7 g% ~5 }2 ^Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：0 Z" c. c4 l5 ]7 c$ {( Z8 u0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是# F/ h/ _& |2 [: T$ K+ a' E
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" K6 I8 c O+ g+ g- V' hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题3 f8 o) K: k0 E' W6 A5 F; D Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# w' p; A! T# W4 b, jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ ~1 @' ^1 }* I- Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。# |% j. q, k: \7 q
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$ @( z4 {3 o% N4 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴5 |$ G' v7 w: b: Z4 F' S
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7 o; ]1 y6 [2 Y: X8 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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