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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 8 e5 N% @1 |/ g+ i Z4 Z( [% w2 q: e( wmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:5 X+ j6 R( ^3 A9 q0 u q
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6 j: ?- \$ A, i) q nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第& M! \! r6 ]4 ~/ v k/ n9 E
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; |( z3 O, j2 P! e* \8 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：9 M) L4 m' ^! Q* @ o5 p5 _$ g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。: w( N) t- z& D1 U: a
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9 W6 ?# j2 d# O9 z, J1 X0 K) QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。6 A3 y7 k j2 H' Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 U( L7 A6 h! _ Z, k) t- wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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7 m9 N/ r2 H! S; z( `3 ]( ymso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？( c5 N) E' @. v
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2 }: r- T9 u+ T. Y$ R9 l# ]/ RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。9 h. Y) n6 A0 W' Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# @& Q7 t% I& T6 T+ Q- S M! vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服. D& ]9 I+ g' d& d( v q
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- I# I" V! c; T' B; O, r0 u, }- oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢/ z5 I1 z" Z8 B2 x9 u" d+ X" Y* kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) y! x) b6 l1 W! P
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; l- f v7 p) m! Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服% y+ X; F( M% \1 j ]: H" o2 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的6 I* f4 V2 H9 {* {5 z# c4 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。7 n5 Z. m. {5 `+ k
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$ v# G0 V. x, r. n1 l- u0 A7 yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白* ` L; t" P9 C+ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ Z5 ]# {) U- N0 XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学* |) ] a6 u# X6 Q: F9 f
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* y4 C( U7 y, T4 H4 S- ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？6 s& ~. ?5 l- m: k: B
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# i; R0 Y& N1 X6 i' w* V3 M% Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说* b o, @& b4 n, _) G& N0 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">", z- A: O) q* r/ x" P
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2 J6 L6 [, `" hTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：' x1 x( Q/ G" H. U
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6 S5 O& ^ o- | t9 X' ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚3 ~ J! P; g1 S! @
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' v9 Z: A" k4 g, nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！: a y1 t% z% G8 emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假1 N8 w7 J2 ~ S7 q; `9 }" M- `' e- b2 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 z9 G( H, G: ]; h2 `5 ^/ f
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) |& M! n' d. y1 P& gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是3 Y6 }5 P' X5 S- pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ y9 _4 n( V1 Y0 I! E
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, m! g. g, `( N) [7 \4 S0 \" }5 H" ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题$ S+ P" a5 |1 `- Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 G4 g9 a% c. B( A$ Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ J4 k1 T$ g- F' W# q7 I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。0 i0 V8 a# S. s' x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴4 t. Q6 I2 k1 k$ K/ B4 f
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- D6 R q+ ?$ p4 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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