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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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( h( U" ?1 [0 z7 r9 n B: ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 O# c5 }5 V9 A0 q/ I5 z! i
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9 |! \/ ^, l! ~1 G2 N/ g; Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。; r; q% O% i, D* K% @7 ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。6 B1 a7 M3 {# wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 J7 m- E) L9 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经+ R6 b8 @1 h4 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">•! {! }: e3 L, d, M& I5 \) J6 P
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) K% e3 Y* p0 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。& n! t! h, B+ O* V) R; S
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% ]$ U& [+ U8 U( T; XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：& B# V# |4 ?" }3 p
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: ^# d/ O8 t9 J. ~3 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是+ R7 t% N1 _/ s* U: f0pt">‘3 ^, x5 x/ [. D; M
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2 I$ Z- I0 D( P" l* A$ X" F6 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。 D0 i J, T' m6 W n; B- X8 z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？' ]6 S8 r" j: _, `& B
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: p% L7 r$ F6 { Q dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，' k/ \2 s, Y; [+ b
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( J0 G1 Q u' {. o4 F* pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。7 E j3 C' ^; W3 k; Q; e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐: Y9 T# N4 N# o* m
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种( N7 [/ g$ _ |& s+ U4 l6 ^5 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 n0 ^1 D: P' ]& P2 Z0 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的: y! H" j4 \$ l1 C, Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 E9 H1 a1 k; b9 O j
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) x: G z( I/ {& W- Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，+ |5 q# v# }# E' r6 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* z) Z& ?- M0 s6 q8 u. Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, f2 c6 F" P) V
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" c* h% T# \% b5 V5 N7 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。1 t; g Y9 \* K# h( U5 n, Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌% B: v" U- f8 h% X1 x6 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">3051 D8 p, l* T; d1 b! l6 i/ Y' K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视) r+ M" p" V; U1 B: l: I0 m; x$ amso-font-kerning:0pt">“- ^7 y3 P& D, Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( [+ \/ W& b) b0 U8 n
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. c$ S8 ]# B7 X, omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：; ~; ]) t$ y) s2 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 f* z2 q8 ]' e+ [5 G q
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5 W! e: q1 Y4 _ ^$ qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。* [! r+ \8 ?) {4 ]2 k. hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 j4 W- E( _$ m* I wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; C3 s0 h0 U7 h' j' E/ z# M
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5 ~7 V) q& ?1 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）5 g- X0 n; a6 `; p* s! X4 p
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) r8 |) E2 D* `4 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。 Y; M" F# x$ \ U& ?( G
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J( r+ e& |" ]5 K9 O- Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过6 Q) q+ }; i, f, K" O
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" E! j( v' U+ m" e) Y2 w! E% Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。& Z3 _. Y5 S" y: S6 i) emso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。$ a( g r2 B" Z/ u8 i5 e
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: D" G" e& B% \7 Z6 c, Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。8 g5 H8 I6 z* i$ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) F+ M7 u8 w5 Q1 S1 pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。+ X6 V* [- n. @! c; V* Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 C2 J: n' }6 o8 t' hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 q+ `9 k2 ]3 y: b( G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃' V% }, l4 \# r6 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”8 O6 j2 ~" h+ M. u" v. q9 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。$ ?8 {1 J2 o: Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。# D" P( q4 K0 W; C, s* x$ h
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0 l/ M6 F& i, K7 w9 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于, V( U5 @8 m# S. s" a9 Y1 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. R) c! D6 t% `0 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& y5 S5 O% J8 ]5 C u# a
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+ C) g: \2 N. ?% D7 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨1 ~0 [' u# F( d! R
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& S) e) g0 ^% G/ Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓+ D k6 h* L; p* K0 f8 {, o' x5 ` emso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ T" k9 }* H! Y' k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓: y- a3 H3 Z2 i) E' rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ N9 a- z3 n; J3 A5 B% y, R! }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓( \2 X6 Z- @+ C, q/ W5 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓" g: H6 h e* E& J9 ?& d
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6 T2 t% P1 A; j" S9 E9 Y Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼% t _' j; a: Y2 K7 V
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~2 Q2 R9 B5 j) ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤. |" O2 ^7 C1 l, {* q/ |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 X# H6 ?. j6 k, |# i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能% b3 q9 L; n9 I5 s" H3 W. x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人" C0 ~4 ?" s$ v$ Y! Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“& A. S6 W' p/ E; E
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0 v- i. ~2 x) O# kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。. Y/ a/ ]7 G! n9 b4 S2 l( J% i" \0 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- O0 G8 {+ Q* L- Q$ T/ NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。* O' D1 I2 V5 y, [" [7 v% a( vmso-font-kerning:0pt">% k& w$ @! w* I8 [/ \; Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 L) Z; a7 A7 k2 t; c6 s" W
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/ b3 M. r% J: i+ [. ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。) ^( N. n9 `& Z8 p( R. c9 H
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" X6 S0 {: Z" |. A/ d+ TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
