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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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: M6 u$ j9 ?# h" ^9 {6 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 y& Z7 }+ A2 z E: u2 `" Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">2& K% m; j; _, B5 P# z' F1 ^" ]
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' F7 E. j& b) @8 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。8 e: F/ U/ V+ ]3 @! \; [! g# [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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8 d9 J4 U- Q# d: h$ lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。1 R0 i, x5 O7 w) o0 b* D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。: L# g; i. N0 c0 {% Z9 `' tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是3 }( V: Q' `+ Q3 C0 d$ L+ G2 Y8 |% a0pt">‘ g& [5 O c) D: z
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0 L0 R+ k8 j3 ^+ \5 i" H4 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？% A/ g; U/ f) ~: W
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; _, G$ g0 ~$ F5 s8 y# KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，' k. z( {; o8 {& }, @/ D) U' v
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?* V$ {: D& I2 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。7 z) L; @: p. z+ n0 O" i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐+ L8 w8 Z$ l# x, k10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 r3 M4 ?& w; k P* h* c
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种! M$ j# v* C+ H! vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' v* C$ k: c; }% ^; Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 c8 n2 C4 G6 i$ C' w
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Q; p- D# h9 A T! Y" G' T% C, @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的8 d( p8 t3 S* ]. [8 r9 P+ _2 f
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. H6 @& R7 Z, Q. p9 O( b2 U0 d8 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，8 k r3 I% R: t: S% R& Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! |6 z2 L5 W. t" T- g: Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 `: w/ X3 L+ s+ A% L% [ wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教/ d d* g3 l/ U) V' `7 @! l( k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教: d3 z j2 C, n6 ]! i
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# m% b; { c. u6 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。/ j- f8 q! Q. ~% Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌. I+ {3 [1 [8 m2 t$ J
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2 `+ C7 ^7 z: j$ P* ~+ d2 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视0 ^+ f" \( }# ]. f1 x2 z2 C
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; x$ ?) o4 L8 A8 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗0 e3 f2 B; h, z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：+ @& d# N# v' Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。7 I! W4 t& a B& {$ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* h3 Q5 l- J' m! u
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* ~" R" J' Z2 [ X1 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语, o5 H9 h# i* t1 X/ ^. S) R
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- D3 ^$ u6 e E9 P$ Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）( P+ x2 ?* ?2 E5 [: Z2 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。& Y2 v6 F- K$ D1 ~* L2 E. d
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+ i% |3 n5 p5 |) H: N+ P7 n$ `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 p( n: R1 N' Z5 s/ ~ z/ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">•1 m$ e! F, L/ Z' u2 B xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 E* ^: h" d6 L8 ^8 G4 e* l% Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过) x8 R2 |- X/ a1 V4 B
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( g: M/ E( C3 B, y- u. Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨# D7 f [% V# L" `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人; |5 b: z8 T" o9 O' Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“ [0 J0 H# r5 K: W# h" [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# v' F% p, i& U% p) C& \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪+ x7 F+ S2 P" t# H9 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。4 q& S! U5 N2 c% W2 K+ m! @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。! Z" A1 m9 A( m" d. M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。7 T9 N% s0 v1 O0 M P! g% q0 |. mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 C( I2 ]8 }9 Q/ _+ @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。$ P" I. Q1 f4 T% y( `/ G' A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃3 P) A0 L: ]# |, s; M0 p3 b6 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 b7 k4 Q0 V9 D; D9 E' W+ c
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6 S+ c' ]1 k; k6 U( K6 x! x7 B! imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”4 J# l2 J. R6 y% ^: u/ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。* z" s7 V9 l( F# W/ y( S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。# W# c3 p3 \; ~- }. }# Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 r& j; i! K* A, N1 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: y; }, i0 [) E4 f
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于1 M1 r/ f' d% L: K* b# |
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0 J% U) o0 k1 n" ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓* g( \5 \$ L' q @4 T' D2 F
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) B, E/ |) |1 w" L# o0 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓! C7 L' X4 Q) ~: v4 X* Q; k, C) G7 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ E3 j, N2 P& Z& Q5 k; A, v/ e$ G% b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓+ G- d. M3 S& _; R. j6 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“. P8 p& `7 s% o' ]+ A+ Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ I. w* M, i+ Q6 P8 u1 p' s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群# \! Q5 F& ]9 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓7 g3 f: ]5 x5 k' O7 b1 c6 g2 v' U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨3 Q7 K! I8 F s0 {; i" B
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5 m# w B# a5 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼7 K8 L- R8 J# W4 V: ?5 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤; E$ ^, W5 a2 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">” p% Z U3 h( l
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, p) y* g |( X4 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 O2 h: a4 z j3 H# }/ i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能, v) z( O: g) U. Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! L" `4 p4 S; D- X! c# \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( E& ?6 s, J! ]) @+ K) r2 O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒- F. d) j6 Z" }; Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) q# d' m9 e8 U' W4 v* ]3 A# Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
c8 }2 U& l/ S5 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹% }1 P- o7 R6 d0 C6 j0 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人 e& S3 g" l; [. w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪1 |* l3 Z: t2 ^( S! \) R- C+ K w% U
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3 ~2 H( Q0 i- w& |9 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 a7 G$ b5 ]0 F" x+ B3 O( l s* I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。' {8 a$ B* P- \- P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。, a, W' C- q# |$ z# umso-font-kerning:0pt">! i9 a1 C& V" F; mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. w2 f% X0 b4 h4 w
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% b8 p; z% N7 ?. P5 P1 V+ X* ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理! u5 h/ l1 B$ J2 {" _4 A/ w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。: m- m! {6 v5 E! D0 E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱6 |5 s% V# E- i6 i( Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 \: O9 C$ A" S: pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧- }, o/ Z' f4 C; G% [: s! S/ q* Dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 G) C9 X* c* n- s" x
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提升卡
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沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
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300x180 AD
