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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 2 f( X y! p/ R, r, `- b/ [3 m
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 1 E1 }, Q9 G% i
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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 2 M( X4 H7 A/ O h9 ?* ^宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,0 l Z; x3 E8 m) b! x0 ~. Y; B: T$ w
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"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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2 n J$ V/ F1 D4 ]5 B' f"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
: ?0 c# y: j% t. A! L% G# t: w9 r$ b" Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, % r7 H& ` z2 K- S( [& K9 x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, , o# I7 k& w: F/ c/ r* @% o( M9 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& z3 C1 y# f8 B' \5 N# h! H"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, * y) _3 M6 ^2 s: C0 }) B
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, p! u- A$ h* `6 V! c4 @+ r
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,1 }: n- M) R, I
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 . S+ p6 l* M$ @
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) \7 L# B: I, ~ q3 R: Cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, ) A4 o# [; Y# O8 }3 Y/ P3 ]( B
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 2 z! K& [. c: K% E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” " h# W' b. w& Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ v4 M0 Y- _) L1 b; _' S% n4 X宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” $ d3 F. _/ J, a- T O宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, # S0 p1 K0 E( R3 R/ L+ mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- _1 t, e8 n8 R6 H- a6 {6 k"Times New Roman"">前者为因, ) l$ W# m8 Z! O# n. J) N: nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, + p/ V( s- Q* L+ O4 Z. _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- N+ K. e1 O7 M! s" G"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,5 Z3 U; @3 d% b* [; w
; O: q7 P! Z: L: ?0 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, # }* ^! B; [) M4 z1 e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, , S7 p# w H: v. d6 @5 I, Q( hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 Q/ i5 r! O, g3 n: R% s"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 1 w& `' n- {" ^8 `( g+ b5 W
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: # Q' o& O- F" pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ q5 \; J+ ]" u/ i5 i4 O"Times New Roman"">“ . d7 Z- B. ], l2 L5 d
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” 7 t3 q5 a5 p* o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, + v) g$ f+ d4 M& P7 j
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"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
5 ~" y! B9 Z2 P$ f8 f. k0 `; g* u4 f* _9 _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 1 [$ y7 I1 f2 N+ X
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,7 |. W! {* B7 ?) A/ o- E
3 x) H9 ^! V, U( Imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, * y4 `2 E2 B* X+ E1 k$ ^/ m/ J1 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ F2 c+ d# L( P7 [( \% ?1 h2 n0 ~"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, ) l+ [: f9 a- U7 p9 Z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 + n: k3 i5 j$ t. P& `
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里" [6 S( b* b2 ^5 ~1 |! e9 H# P2 n0 z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 ! N L& I4 M+ Kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元() @% I( Z4 i7 d4 C% z+ M' @; f
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), : }+ L4 p4 P3 A6 s5 m. ~$ mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 ?0 v/ p k7 o
"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用; Y+ j+ a5 B% }- C
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, * Q( ~" Q0 d% Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- V! P8 N; Z% t0 ]6 @ g9 z: t/ D
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, ; d, l: b0 J( R/ m% l
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!$ k$ @3 \5 u- C. u' m+ n+ p4 j9 w% X( G
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 7 ~+ F% @7 ?6 z/ k/ K+ P; `
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"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: 6 c) h8 k! [3 u+ C) `9 @ ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, % W3 t) V3 Q! I" |0 Y8 n; b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 4 S7 ]* o3 e' P/ U3 d% R, S
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) r" g) _+ ]3 ?$ O"Times New Roman"">“ ( h$ Z. V+ C5 L. i5 b1 {1 Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车” m# V+ S, R2 M' V! f; K12.0pt"> " m D. E) B: U, V2 m* }/ i- k. k
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C% v9 k1 X2 D: G! m* a6 s# q6 x. W# d& Y1 Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, 7 f) U- W; o% {
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 1 d7 m/ Z7 t7 a
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: H' ?) @: }2 Q" x. j
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, ' X) f- Q# Z9 t0 P
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, - |- b+ ^" a s9 }/ _& q( v, H$ r, H宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, , E" E( x q+ t7 r- M6 E, {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 n% O- n) V. V# W5 Z: n ~"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ $ _, |* }3 k; m; J; D" \5 o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” / K7 u- k% U4 f+ N) y) R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 + e1 }* x3 a6 j. c) d2 c
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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( Z: u' c- A! m* g0 Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, # `1 ?" ?* S3 K' W0 j) I5 P宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 8 C1 M+ u1 s, _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: B8 U- v U! M) E4 {: N* x5 y* h
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,7 e' \+ m( H" Q1 s& ~% {; l
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, ! H9 _* H; i2 P8 q: E9 D9 {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' o4 X" S+ M" y& ]3 ]2 |/ L
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,5 k9 |- c. q& ^. z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, ( o+ \- ^" R* p: g* N, i4 z
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"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题+ P7 U5 l J' x+ |+ X3 M( V5 m12.0pt">: 8 u P8 V" ^- g# ]0 q
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: % ~8 `" a# l" E% s- y) I) K) |$ J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ L7 Y3 s+ n# B& v2 y G7 |# w+ m"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才" B8 x4 `/ l+ n+ V% |* q
12.0pt">, ! L5 a0 x7 p& o"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, * s) ^/ |4 O( B o
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" T4 n' V% {7 @8 `"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 2 i6 J1 q0 w: i8 u) K6 gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 3 k; r! Y8 E. M2 ~3 u2 J2 R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 8 Y- ^3 R" L e3 G
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题. t* |4 o1 R- P3 w
12.0pt">; 5 S7 Q$ ~# f) k- Y, n: C( b"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, . a6 c$ R/ R* j' y
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求" M. [3 P2 V g5 x- k12.0pt">: " S" ?. x, s- j"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; @ R$ _+ H3 B- R& Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' g6 Y1 A. G E2 ]8 g/ O" @2 D"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 6 g# P" R& r' q0 @ A2 \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, - u5 g; u" ]6 r0 V. H0 N% wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. n- |3 O/ O1 s* h3 A4 u
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统- y8 H9 `( I, I, g12.0pt">: * j+ m+ j2 h2 L& x5 T9 R) _
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ % V1 n0 z4 Y" O* u& Z+ O @宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” [6 b9 w' |! E( S8 }, @宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
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; z$ B5 ?: @+ V2 i/ P* x4 W"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, / h6 v1 _$ x& n z6 P$ q( N
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 5 E. Z6 W) X4 N$ t P6 P* R9 _
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 0 q, K0 Q& U, K' ]# W, _, d. `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( ^) t, a2 p0 X7 h8 U# a' w"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,. l# B! i! z( K9 G$ l
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 3 W n' _- z9 ?* K5 h. E
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"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 3 d5 }: a" X1 H* e, Wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 0 t/ `4 h8 \9 I& x5 H宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: . I4 D2 F. D, L: tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. U2 f1 M- X. B+ {) H
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, ' M, s7 b/ J9 ~3 E7 y
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, . _8 {) y- A7 ~# y: Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ ~( B0 I: q" z: {"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, , T. A0 {5 u: P+ _7 E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,3 ]1 Z9 o1 p0 O' N/ u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 J! i4 L2 ?3 x* T2 ~ k"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定. [1 I; k$ a; z6 s12.0pt">, 6 a# U% K* K' J, q. p. Q
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, : j+ A& d$ M, i4 `# xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, ~2 [6 n+ v" T: {' l" ~ d ?1 L
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:, J3 ~0 G t) q% G& gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, # r0 B/ z. a( l0 q: F8 U8 ~- l9 ^
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, ' M+ x: W1 I7 G9 v( B) C
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ o7 a# O6 j2 l0 A% s"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, ( R: M% j- ~! P* t" R6 mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 1 b6 o8 g, j; X2 F+ m- }% E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 \7 r T/ o7 E9 V! d3 r
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 5 [/ o# e" i- d9 O3 G$ g- j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ a, r6 J" A: H3 q0 B* c$ c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, - c% q2 W$ D1 N- t W/ ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; R4 P' F, |" J' J5 d"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
