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) \+ ?6 N2 f- H% ~) o8 Hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 7 V# c; k# s. _7 z" x2 a宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 3 ^: }! `1 [ B, E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ b9 Z, W# ^, f& x' t
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, . }5 J' h3 A" Q% E8 L$ j
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,9 N3 P" g; Q1 ^' j8 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: S2 v# y9 k, p" q M) v3 z& @, |
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 6 G0 r4 @+ T) m" Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 p$ _$ a- @3 V$ B( o: R
"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
5 h+ D4 A* s' J) u1 q+ N% g/ _ t ^! X7 K7 Q9 w
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, . ?8 ] w8 Y" F
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, & f- K0 ]6 O! H& |- e0 E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) v2 t( m6 m) s2 P"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 5 C. g+ X/ a2 C b, w/ J4 A2 f; \
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 4 [6 ^6 V! x1 H4 [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 ( v: [3 w0 m6 |1 d# L
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1 C, z% V+ M. c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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, I7 b7 K' t; L% }' u. r% o: L: I4 [1 A. h D3 Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, ?3 s l+ P4 @8 {$ _* P" ^! c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ / h3 k1 t) l" @7 d5 r$ Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” ; g) a* l6 b1 O5 s' E: M
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 8 `2 Y; l) P3 g2 a f" ]
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 2 x1 n# G; K7 d! G4 A% D
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, A' S1 j; a& F9 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, v3 Z2 V! S/ _* k7 t% G: `"Times New Roman"">前者为因, " W" c# p7 _$ v: E$ G& Vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, ( s& y! I2 M+ o9 L+ D, Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! I. t( I$ A' \) u% }0 ]0 S, O" C"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, " Y( D! }, d3 l' n# P& q& `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, , w+ |6 W. v: Q) {# d) K4 a$ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: }; F9 B1 J! _9 a"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 1 [1 k4 [& \! ^4 T( q/ m. K
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: ; H9 t: u# T; W m) Q( u4 `3 g, M6 `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 B# [# ` S) h6 R; K \"Times New Roman"">“ % y( h; a8 T6 @ Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 1 H! L8 |' Q+ i5 A# A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” " w. ^1 R" |6 {: c: x
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 0 d- M& W4 a" H) zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ Z6 G8 L8 c/ d* |$ }"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
$ W0 r9 S9 l- g z0 ]6 Q/ @7 \; |3 r5 X+ t& D9 mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 * @% Y/ @/ }9 g- y1 B8 G
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 6 v6 M8 m* j( {- J/ g宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, # w- i: ?) a$ p( ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ x$ _ W% P6 ^) t* ]6 {
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
9 S( P0 Z$ A+ i+ H6 G1 U* Y' x, \) S6 y- g% m. r" } jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 6 D; W# R6 P& m5 G9 H. G+ l" X
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"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 8 O7 c# T% c" U& O+ _* j2 O* R
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 0 a3 x( C# f1 [3 @; J, |8 j
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里$ O. s' j# z* @: C- X; T& C
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 , a7 u E: Q. b3 L% G6 Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元( u g5 R, g& ?" ^( h- U$ K
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), * f2 a7 j2 A: p% o8 R6 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 G2 w, A6 F, i4 j4 O3 f
"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用7 N/ x" f& N' V" M$ U5 w
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, + D* C5 B! \% S" D2 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 G' h' G) s; @/ o$ W
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, @9 w1 i g1 W$ [* d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!2 W! ~: m- w1 H* f' C+ p& @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 4 |! @; Y/ `2 \# F/ n( t j' Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) O" C1 \4 [) |4 a4 b
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: / |. ~0 X3 b' o, A I+ S: \/ amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 3 r: j/ E v9 v @) h
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, # N) Q/ c! ]8 ]- m4 m
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"Times New Roman"">“ 6 Z# p3 k+ k0 l" i1 x; l& r
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”! S8 j7 Z) \% `' }+ R! L12.0pt"> 1 V: g1 H4 c5 j: O" K
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。 $ O7 ^! u3 J& e9 M; A0 v
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, 3 m; E3 s5 D w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 3 f5 F2 I& u. K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* @+ \3 Z. B& n0 ^1 B5 l( i
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 7 f: \# @5 Q3 V6 jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, $ C( x& [; I7 X% P& U- S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, $ O! y6 {2 N, V4 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 U7 c8 y% G9 t3 r+ h! M: j. h"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ c; n* ~+ r5 M
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” ) J9 r5 m3 |( c( }( W- l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 3 b. n; u ?. R; n {
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W- C& P! \% x2 D# M8 `8 {; e; S/ b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,1 R6 b" k: H3 d/ u* Q0 v
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* g0 o( R* h$ Y' @& y% {7 t" l"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 9 I: _& r: t' A- w( [
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 7 t" {5 Y9 _, k# P- ?) o5 J7 g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, M- ]& T1 I* {$ \7 a
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# H4 l/ Y( x% [; m4 Z9 t"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,9 T& a( d- \' o% [7 x
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 4 l0 ^; x; H0 P1 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 y( i& D1 z/ M4 h"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,: E, G1 M" E6 _& k& }; v1 T1 u! o
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, - G3 q! Y& h- j, d% J! @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, R* m+ S6 O& {( `& E5 k7 o S2 B4 g
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题8 ]- B( G+ g d- H& n6 g12.0pt">: / v6 D& @' Q3 W9 }8 M2 L- l/ P- L"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: ; G5 p* S) S; w8 j+ L! E q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 _8 @* v, x/ S G+ P"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才6 }$ S9 V- |5 H' N* O9 q' c12.0pt">, / n4 i" ?( P/ b3 G"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 3 s7 c7 \ O, Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( q4 N) J9 q- B( ]; }9 U$ ]! x
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; * ^* O4 ]& A4 }mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 3 R4 w) }% n$ G, q( C$ I% X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, # x/ x0 u1 R! O* Z4 z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 N$ m, x8 a( G% R# f3 @0 ~4 s7 q# B"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题7 L5 D V' D0 A
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, " I( K$ h$ s4 b1 Y) a9 u* y; F7 U0 E. |
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( O( U o; I( Z& e"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求3 Q4 H C3 t" H& Q12.0pt">: e E7 x, J5 m8 s* q) e1 t"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; ( M1 t3 `; k" H0 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! B, v' W# }. Z& z- W$ \' \. b! R"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 0 a& m6 R1 f/ amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, . g5 a9 P. w; k4 P9 b4 G5 C, ^
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ g+ A0 o9 Y5 I& `" g1 Y: I/ {6 h; ]: K"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统9 _& c* F5 D. ]6 }3 O. h( J12.0pt">:
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0 g2 n0 _1 D1 N! p/ _+ H5 Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ % b/ G6 F- A2 d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 0 I0 X- P; O" g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 : ]9 @! v1 \% ~' ]; L
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. C" S* C9 D( Lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> ' \6 N$ @: b" j6 U3 H宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> . J9 F# K4 j2 D7 b( R
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) P _, h3 {/ {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& O# O6 e! w! i; H- U7 I' g! u
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
/ `1 S" h5 I7 M9 m( d2 o2 T3 z: v0 b4 v8 D* R
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z+ S7 Y; M( `6 s7 \& Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, " D; w% d, }7 g3 z- d+ \- t& nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: w' e. s# S1 M5 e! t. M"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 1 `2 M/ M9 L/ z1 h- o( p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 5 v/ R! t0 o4 e* M: t9 W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 G- u/ O Z6 z* h4 |% k* i/ s& C
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
+ c+ @) C( `4 A# K/ h# o0 z; m; O# g! Xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 6 K% n0 ]& e" g$ l* j; [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 Q/ S T$ u7 R( r$ I"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, - _' }0 Y( x7 D; o7 o/ e
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, , O6 ]: L7 |' G n+ ^9 @: b9 f宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: & s w1 L; @2 p" k7 `) t! J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 L1 P q2 ^) M& E"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, $ C$ I. K3 P: n0 Qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, * u* `/ u& ~* N1 E9 v# o
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 W' [8 v: y+ F"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ; L! j# B( c9 P0 d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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4 s3 w; o4 L5 s6 F9 @1 {
; h, v1 v5 R- H! K9 p g' i$ A% n B0 E) i" i& i4 _ |" wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,4 l d' m# s/ \; f6 a
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 f$ ^- \$ Z+ P"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定& x6 H4 L/ P7 P12.0pt">, % g, x& [7 t3 q4 x- f) b# ?5 m"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, " K$ j- P7 N8 J9 \; nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' i& T6 W9 x. n& u3 u) `"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:$ d' w' N+ Z' d9 ?
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, ' u/ t" U3 s% d7 N, w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, & e# B! r6 Z7 V; A8 I
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 W3 i" K) }2 `! _
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, 6 a7 t5 [/ g) p, e1 ?
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 1 S) P' T$ C v/ D/ s
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"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: ~! h- ]/ f/ Q( X& d% t8 w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ ( ]0 E3 w, W8 {- h宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, ! o+ E) u+ V! L& Q. n8 `& K9 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ ~5 v' I8 P8 J6 R1 y
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
