职务“前XX”与“原XX”有啥区别？

现在，“前”“原”的用法比较混乱，比如：“新华社新闻研究所前所长”“新华社新闻研究所原所长”“前新华社新闻研究所所长”和“原新华社新闻研究所所长”。类似表述不一致的情况，在一些出版物中时常会遇到。; _$ X3 y6 v- g Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">这四种表述有什么区别?4 T/ q. x, `7 T& e& J Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">是否都是规范的?“! {0 W) G1 G2 S' |; H0 h- iHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前”: X' `( |3 P4 e6 x! W% { Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">和“5 Y; w% q; l5 P' ?4 R- A8 d; i Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">原”5 o; D% {3 M( w: \0 y; sHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">在涉及单位和职务时究竟应该如何使用?这些是许多人关心的问题。

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# N+ j0 q+ `( Q) u' I/ F2 j mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">我们以上文提到的四种表述为例来说明。“. t6 @/ X7 B0 K" G2 ]3 f! n ?mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">新华社新闻研究所前所长”“. C) g I$ p3 p. l7 G# W, umso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">新华社新闻研究所原所长”( m, S7 m2 U& Imso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">，这两种表述都可以用，但其含义略有差异，有的场合用“- v2 J4 P, n# D4 _/ Ymso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">前” \$ Q8 Y* w( o; s Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">，有的场合用: T. y+ K, I& D! D# h& ?- | @6 dcolor:#3E3E3E">“) {. O/ q6 z9 d4 \& yHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">原”# s# m: Q! I& m3 D) t mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">。

 

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; c m4 p( |5 U0 E4 G Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">《现代汉语词典》词条“9 z, Y5 y: q; c! h0 A) L4 q2 {% s Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前任”$ b5 M+ |* w6 g: o% o+ RHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">一词的释义是：“! V: f% U5 }5 W0 U% H, W8 L" v Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">在担任某项职务的人之前担任这个职务的人，如‘6 G7 e) o+ L# d& F6 X+ R: W6 k2 NHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">他是工会的前任主席’8 |; Z* N d) Y; M6 q2 p- s Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">。”6 p$ a6 n! {& n/ E. i5 ^; I- I Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">这里的“" O+ q* G& E! r% w% S8 o Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">任”! i. H: C" X* l+ M5 ]+ g Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">字常被省略掉。' k( J* s. H2 ?( J Y* A mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">如“××) o( U& v8 R( f( Y' v! ]9 u9 d# u Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">是新华社新闻研究所前所长，而现所长是0 g& h, E- h2 L- u% k Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">××”& P$ G4 J7 u3 `mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">。“1 p5 g* P6 h! K8 b( d7 u mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">前所长”“ ^0 n- o- i$ j/ `# z. L! I9 s/ d0 BHelvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; ' P7 N3 ?$ G: _4 U( `color:#3E3E3E">现所长" A4 \* S2 _/ |! Q. q5 ]color:#3E3E3E">”% _0 \" H" p& j1 n X3 e* [! g Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">是不同的两个人。

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“$ F! d" s1 K/ EHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">原”/ I7 I9 G2 M D, H! [8 ]Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">往往是相对于同一个人的“# L0 s- `/ Z, A0 t4 r( dHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">现”7 @8 g% K6 P. U0 ^# n" rHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">任职务而言的。* J' i5 r/ Q6 amso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">《现代汉语词典》词条“2 r# z% c2 \2 {) G9 z/ y% S/ Y! mmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">原”2 a5 \0 @) h. R% B3 R7 l, D Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; + a: p: `3 G! x" Mcolor:#3E3E3E">的释义有一条是2 e# J) X" c/ o* u7 d0 G2 R color:#3E3E3E">“$ I) A- D+ h7 Q+ ~Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">原来”- m$ K; H B9 ~; b' A5 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">；词条“$ A" T4 t0 X' _" B: x$ q Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; ; c4 ~- s0 s. f* G8 J: O! \color:#3E3E3E">原职+ [/ Y) u1 \( R# c: vcolor:#3E3E3E">”+ w3 N9 {* k. m) w' a6 v Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">的释义是“" o- v# F$ t7 W- e `1 y mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">原来的职务”1 p3 h( j3 Y* F2 x. ?, I Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">。例如，我们可以说4 P$ n4 I5 I4 C% x: D& |color:#3E3E3E">“' B0 |+ e" O2 n- q& k5 ` Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">研究所原所长××; V, o1 s6 M0 {2 V8 S mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">现为该所顾问”8 `' N4 i/ E3 N- ~8 xHelvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; - y4 J5 A3 y5 w S4 x5 I" ?color:#3E3E3E">，5 q6 {6 x+ ?5 ^- d& ?9 K+ p2 Wcolor:#3E3E3E">“××' ^) {* b; T% W, y mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">市原副市长××" U# n) e! q; N: p4 mmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">去年5& o5 G9 T, J9 b: E Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; _- G- K; L( n a: o6 ncolor:#3E3E3E">月当选为市长: r D8 [$ d& d9 n7 n color:#3E3E3E">”/ M( w9 h6 z( Q; W' Y( V: k4 aHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">等。

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! H9 a" t" A; E5 G+ X mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">上述这些用法都是指人而言的。8 G! |/ F1 W- {0 y; _; b: r Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">在指人时，“) {, ?/ g2 P" pHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前”“! y. o; ]; c5 E3 W1 @/ y Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">原”/ t2 D7 Y7 O1 l, d" kHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">应直接放在职务之前，' [! ^9 `- f: g! Q. j mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">如“9 \; T0 ]& Q5 K& K2 UHelvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">前所长% Z/ s1 [* Z q8 Y color:#3E3E3E">”“5 w3 ^; k3 s2 r% ^+ ^7 Xmso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">原所长”4 g/ w, H3 b1 vmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">。' h8 a; C4 O( c2 ]1 R Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">把“; F0 F% V, x6 l+ XHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前”“) ?5 K6 G% V* d4 q Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">原”- i& ]4 W4 c! G JHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">放在机构名称前，会产生歧义，是不妥的。

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$ Y3 [; I, x9 l0 @: J, DHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">《现代汉语词典》词条“0 t/ w: N2 R2 ^6 IHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前”7 b1 s p& A2 X! M4 ~+ ^0 G! g# XHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">的另一种释义是：“4 A' c4 S! n* y. nHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">从前的(4 y2 Y7 v$ N1 s% A. p1 X5 CHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">有时指现在改变了名称、身份的机构或人等)7 U2 q0 T) O% p* J Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">， 5 H9 x0 F: @; y6 B) W Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">如‘/ z# c7 m* Y Q+ M( k: q6 |Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前政务院’0 X$ L; w9 q2 w9 I F% r: F% F4 _. Z Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">。”“) B1 {- j7 k1 L Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">原”3 Y. E$ c: M# I# {9 {2 `# B Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">放在机构前，也有这种含义。. N* x7 X+ G; K2 }mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">例如，我们可以说，“××3 x6 ~) B" j2 d2 T1 ^3 J Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">是* X* ~- G9 ^1 K5 e1 n color:#3E3E3E">××* w9 ~" x8 x( j1 j mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">大学传播学院(0 c5 g3 @) N+ @6 O* nmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">前新闻学院)- x1 n+ g3 E6 ^* u1 G; n Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">院长, v: i; b6 h# ] [2 N* e$ {/ [ color:#3E3E3E">”% `7 S$ E6 Y1 i Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">，或“××9 V8 u: p4 B! w7 N6 l5 [mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">是××- K3 D6 k+ [4 G3 B7 P0 a. b l Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; . H' g w) w1 T+ c0 [color:#3E3E3E">大学传播学院5 [8 m/ O# u9 r, Scolor:#3E3E3E">(' r/ T8 G& R$ Z) p, B* { Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">原新闻学院)$ w1 O) g# o) L. D) J mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">院长”; d' x8 {! I- n& _5 b2 g Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">。也可以说" S( Y; S+ w) ^0 P* W* xcolor:#3E3E3E">“××+ V0 U* A! e: C$ x* M. S' a1 u# jmso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">大学新闻传播研究所($ l$ K2 A4 z7 [* @. Emso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">前新闻研究所)! i6 ?2 [+ @" s% L/ P' b( s Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; ) K. x" \$ h9 k/ p. Scolor:#3E3E3E">所长# G9 g: i, w2 R! K, y; j3 fcolor:#3E3E3E">××”' G: O3 `8 ?7 x+ X mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">和“××! x& \$ E! i/ V, Z5 m% k mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">大学新闻传播研究所(- e9 L; G1 ^ N/ @Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">原新闻研究所" U. O% q* ^' Q; Ccolor:#3E3E3E">)+ M; U8 ~8 E5 P$ B Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">所长”# B' G; ~3 Q, \' ]4 t mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">。这里“' K) h; U" ]+ D Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">前0 f# a. I/ O( e8 u/ B& n7 y color:#3E3E3E">”“/ X5 V2 Q" M6 ^3 Wmso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">原”4 r$ \3 }6 W! U mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">含义是一样的，都是用来表述现已改名的机构。7 Q* ~ e a d0 w \Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">再一种用法是指现已改组成另一机构的某机构。& p: `. P- ]3 K+ r% k) B& [mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">例如，“( v6 ]+ [) w5 U- T3 b o/ }3 C Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; 6 c/ U7 W; y6 k4 _+ Zcolor:#3E3E3E">经贸学院由前经济学院和前商学院合并组成* z0 j9 Z; M3 L- A3 H' JHelvetica;color:#3E3E3E">”4 ~0 E; }. G6 P mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">，或“/ _. u2 \9 ~4 z( i mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">经贸学院由原经济学院和原商学院合并组成”5 q& `0 m6 [; V% umso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">。

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7 a |3 \* K. u) R# K6 {mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">从这个意义上说，“2 x+ n% g* h0 v$ Y FHelvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; * x& G6 T* N( w }0 l! ycolor:#3E3E3E">前新华社新闻研究所所长4 o! B' y4 Q% O! X) k' j9 Hcolor:#3E3E3E">”“. j" M+ A @4 F; X: lmso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">原新华社新闻研究所所长”! y+ `4 D- V9 {5 t# j; rmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">的用法，有可能使人误以为“2 L G( @+ L( u/ {, k) Y9 t: n' t" P4 e mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">新华社新闻研究所”: a8 H& V- T. @ Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">现已改名，或已不存在。: F# ^( Z+ W% i8 ?* U( H Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#E36C09">因此，如果不是机构已改名或不存在，只是要表述人的职务，“2 P' c9 D6 p# i% oHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前”“$ ?9 `# V7 u# ^- |2 gHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">原”2 n8 P( a9 m' M8 y2 \" ~- X Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">应避免放在机构之前，而应直接放在职务(, L* n2 l' N2 g( eHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">如“0 p, p8 h7 |& y0 I7 z2 K* M+ | Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">所长”)7 ]' j0 ~, s! N* K# KHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">之前，这样就不会产生歧义。

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5 [- S2 n( I# z u" X, G! G( mHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">我们知道，“! e, q$ z1 J2 I2 \# C5 X2 xHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前”( h2 i9 c, l! h, H( F Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">在形容一个时期时，往往是相对于“6 ?- ]; [0 Z- e+ ~# ^6 \6 m Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">后”+ O- A% p6 ~$ _ Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">而言。有“. ]: g4 @$ \% i5 j# t JHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前”- Q6 \- t3 N q; J8 HHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">才有“2 j* D( g+ f7 r4 VHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">后”" Z: u$ l, ]8 }! ^; NHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">，有“- N) s" K1 E9 F; i/ U) `. eHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">后” r3 g, {4 j7 Q* Q8 G Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">必有“- U2 U$ \8 j( \+ cHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">前”- u8 w3 X& `7 l+ hHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">。# |4 F0 E& a, xmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">我国历史上有“% X/ R+ q. I" [4 ~Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">西汉& i( u6 ~7 z% K- D! W7 y# B- N0 o( `! Icolor:#3E3E3E">”“$ r& U( F2 T# h) @ mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">东汉”; e# [+ t" N1 S# w% |7 k+ l) X5 C4 imso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">，又分别称为“* A' I: |- D, Y( m Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">前汉: S$ J; u+ p6 m0 R' Y2 r' W# Gcolor:#3E3E3E">”“( v! }& O1 ?7 B& f" `8 \0 w mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">后汉”3 b1 A5 [4 K( a+ Kmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">。

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* z" w2 z9 d- J" J Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">另一种用法是指某个时期以前的时期。3 M. }; I% {8 }7 G* B; z5 a mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">如“0 l$ b: K8 O! j w5 J) H Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; 8 d$ T8 \. Q! fcolor:#3E3E3E">前寒武纪! v5 S6 W. {3 P' A/ a. s color:#3E3E3E">”+ x1 y, u. R# A; ?/ j: ^% t+ iHelvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">，是寒武纪以前的地质年代单位的总称。(- t7 A+ o9 {; w" r mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">见《辞海》)

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( f+ ~7 ]( I" c' p Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#E36C09">还有一种是相对于现在而言的。4 m6 l: e4 x8 nmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">如前局长××, M, M, h- m5 AHelvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:#3E3E3E">和现局长5 @4 `" ~% M( {5 k color:#3E3E3E">××0 g! F: m; i+ O% _2 }( N mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:#3E3E3E">。这在前边已经论及，不再赘述。

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1 Q. m' D3 K/ X* O% H$ E8 M4 u2 | mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:red">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志20063 i o: @) x2 W7 u+ G& S0 ~Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; . d- C6 E' S P: \- a2 r7 Scolor:red">年第62 p' P. D4 t6 X, fmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:red">期。原题目：《说“; A" D: \$ e9 n Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; `( Q+ `) ?" U$ k& q) ecolor:red">前”# z& |; t; I8 Z2 r mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:red">、“7 s1 }' q. M& t8 L% a" ^' O Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:red">原”& g. Y7 o7 n1 [1 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:red">》作者：文有仁）

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