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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 2 q; ~8 G9 m9 A* B% }9 v( d9 E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, + j/ L9 @& ]- A1 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& w4 B$ X' `7 k$ j- o/ r3 P"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, . W0 h5 b- E! v) R+ P8 X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,, ~) T' Z* S3 L7 }1 l! |: t' @
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 H# u' k$ |2 W3 O. d"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, / U9 l( l& q8 K% ~# c' n
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, # [, `7 ^, S' D' I: a$ l) \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, : z. Y! }# \0 X. U, m) L* kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 h# P6 `8 @# u! u3 N! \"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, / l1 b) b6 ^! g8 n1 p9 ]/ Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 5 _% J2 _& O U& H3 T
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 4 F! A' _& c1 C! y |
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+ X: n; w& {5 [+ v* R"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” " V$ [8 a2 ^ E+ q3 _6 \, x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 8 v' r# F( F. ?: t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 7 i6 A2 b! m7 J0 q0 m. @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, $ z6 Q. H7 ~0 ^. w: i( I5 O- N" N* Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 z8 x5 p! s4 k* r, i
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, . ~4 e4 B$ P# g6 `1 `* e+ v( g
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, - n. b( G i3 j) r" F( G3 A9 ~1 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; N% B6 t; k: Z3 @"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,+ m9 ~2 j( T4 |8 B" n
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"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, " Q9 j9 ~$ I6 X$ [
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: ; Y. L7 @+ L6 m+ @# b! Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& \3 W) _8 K. B. k* L
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? ! e3 t" M5 Q4 b* L+ d2 K3 Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” C: O1 q$ e& T; U; O宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, , @5 q0 _$ b9 k$ ]$ v' Z/ @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ n' [; P1 ]. F- g0 ?& a- D, J* Q"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚, o2 N; i& E# `1 z3 G5 z5 g* ^
. K2 \- G% V2 s* J# @- }0 cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, , f/ _: _$ n% }
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"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, + V" ~" E- \/ ?6 ?- r/ |3 Tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 4 C: P! z( m7 i' U1 f mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里1 e7 T! u; B/ ?* z$ W& P8 f7 q+ B( |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 ) K+ w, b- p1 z }
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 3 V7 `- C+ j, ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& V5 X' A5 l# J: V"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用& S; [- |2 k# m" M12.0pt">, + A, ?$ z# Y; N1 A' ?
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, " }6 Z+ b( Z7 ?" K4 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% }6 j) t* T1 s# t' U
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, # q% \& m8 H$ T$ s* Xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!4 @. H' r. ~/ ^% h$ E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 4 O% `0 \" S8 Q+ s) P3 Y u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 h# r( ^! y+ Z" R"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: ) G0 Q# C& u+ N3 s8 emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, ; F6 ~6 |! E% A* ~) a+ E) w, _
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, : L, v' R; D$ @! H5 o2 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, s# ?* m: D3 l O, d9 B. V"Times New Roman"">“ : ^1 g! ~+ O* h7 Z
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' @- B" z" o7 ~7 g& H* F2 N
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, . B# C" S% D; [
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, ! S9 i" p4 ^. E7 i1 V2 {) l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, ( z- _* h& j/ A) v1 Z! @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 s8 A+ S+ s$ y7 c- I"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ " o4 b, N& P( x* o2 D% @) e9 H+ {* @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 7 V3 h/ m) h" a. j4 C0 R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 * r; R1 a' Z5 |
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ I0 y5 N* j) @" Y$ K5 C"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 2 Q7 x6 h. E7 G0 {0 d! I
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, - H) i5 ^+ a& |; A: q, n, j- l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 0 H+ N5 K3 ~! Z3 G- Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 q# l6 ^: N/ {! {- G"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,4 E" @. {; E& J& y$ _0 o$ N
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 7 B' ^9 }( t5 [2 f) o4 J9 A, |
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"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章," i5 @5 k. T; y: ]3 b) t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 1 S" V- v, e8 y9 o+ ~! }' g
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ r% O2 {, `, \; Y: r$ J"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题5 @5 Y% b4 j8 u* y \. S12.0pt">: 9 c# _' n4 D/ u+ x7 _* g5 r"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 6 S- P7 A' C! X1 ]7 I+ ~" Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 L1 T( Q2 f) `. p% J; r"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才6 u9 l( E% K( S8 j7 i12.0pt">, 1 g0 c+ s" d/ C' u6 L$ X, r( p"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ) ?( f' X& O3 `+ }8 k; Z& k7 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 E W( \9 [. ^/ ?! I. u"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; . c; }6 g6 \7 n' Vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, * m% l3 ]4 G% h& v* N3 `9 |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 8 a; K* F$ S2 V1 l
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题2 d, }# M. D9 a12.0pt">; - K' c3 i# A$ v- O- j
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, , u& c* R5 P, I1 k3 E4 G
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求5 R4 o4 a1 o9 E6 `! x( ~12.0pt">: 7 x) p% R6 G: |; m& e- z* c$ t"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; " A: [9 W7 r, T# |, v$ O5 y! k
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6 j2 S' x6 |$ K2 q"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, - {0 I% x; A ~. {
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 8 A* B: | Y, f* {
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: }- }9 R$ i4 s k' U% e7 d0 d"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统* {/ K" p; d3 c/ [
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> 6 Y( s: w( b5 \0 d2 }9 {( {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> # x+ O! M8 D& H& K$ V
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
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5 D8 h+ B: z7 c: \5 g"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 ! K1 S$ }" I- k/ t
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9 D" Y0 _) _+ B& m# W+ i. z"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, " _- `* R' e! j6 R- L7 z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, : t6 ^. X. k! M4 L. K% {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 R5 N8 r9 x+ {"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
' N6 x3 n ~& _7 F1 [; c7 z+ u; W# T% ^; M4 N" S fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 5 v5 i) w) n; v) B) _
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"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, - W: ?$ M( E! K2 Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, % A0 y7 N' d8 W# t; C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 0 k" E- m7 E$ ?" ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' [5 _% H7 a8 U- V8 i U) `+ V- r"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, $ C6 p% w* Q% q9 } W! l- Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, ' i: k* G& w8 H" D( Y; Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 I, V) }, W/ s; Z( ], F
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, # o' W7 N G4 `2 p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 ! w% k+ ]* i. o% u5 l
1 W; G. [* I# b6 q0 S6 O9 z, { L7 |) |9 a( j6 Y+ R: q2 a
& ^- o0 N- o4 q/ i f! K; Q6 O& D( kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上," Q/ R4 e. Q4 ^& X5 ]0 E6 y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 Y9 i4 V% I. U3 R1 G
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定& F. k/ p6 B6 y( \! _
12.0pt">, 8 e9 F5 v. z5 I' f"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, % r: O( j& m9 k% c8 w1 O) p! {
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" F& {% E2 u5 W3 ]"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:$ N, V9 f' _6 { L; q V0 U; V9 N
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, % K1 k4 N* |8 K; | B
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 8 v# o) r9 Q0 i7 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: U& z1 K6 ]0 s0 _' h) p. z"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, - h9 T( c; d( r. ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, # ]/ ]# q+ O3 |; u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) g* j9 v0 j/ @# {
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: w6 F a+ b' u4 }, k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 4 _2 N) |- V6 A" M: w4 P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, . i% q2 K' a6 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& M4 T; F6 n! {! u7 S8 H: F"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
