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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网% b l5 `; D7 b% B# |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。6 t d9 l% Z8 Y& l+ y& H3 g% j1 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; S# [3 `3 h9 h2 r6 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：4 o( R2 T- E1 E Q- P% C' A4 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 J, d- g2 m# Q5 b+ kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) M; z7 H- G1 ^1 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">5* m& r6 s2 ~1 u3 a% k( ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 X) J% C1 R( \. n4 t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：! \6 h' p( ^2 j, P1 ]! q. ^7 T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。7 c; k' |5 M# `9 G3 I$ Y
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( I* H3 z. k: R" e% ~0 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：+ D9 i( s/ R# |. Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。7 Q/ _1 u/ \, P" ^1 lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 y- f j N' q# p+ g% Z4 e$ l- \Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;7 B. _7 E3 `5 j; K9 C) P# ]
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰： p. Q" U7 M W% Z5 m
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？8 H6 x. ]. ^# h+ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; ~! M' q& T5 Fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
2 z! \- G2 E. u: f3 u) X o4 V9 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 y$ [8 ?. x8 Y
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! w8 V! a' c% \( \% Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 x9 s6 d' g3 \color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。! V7 B7 F( {) t' v+ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 ~! ^9 i+ N( u8 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：4 K. w8 G) C: s5 L: G) H
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, a; {. v: O: O0 [8 S* Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。/ C) z" `2 w5 B9 B
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+ l' L5 C( [; q/ Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：. H7 u# s& c4 }( v Q$ {2 y- J0pt">"5 i1 \, z4 ^" F. ^. [mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
* m9 G2 b5 v0 e- JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。8 B8 n$ ]1 H/ v9 p/ V- c# {; I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：7 J& v, P% Y* x# W$ y5 R% a% Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">". x4 [5 [/ T" Q$ E6 w0 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ r4 j4 `2 R3 f. e, Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢% w( r d% f! L( Y0 ]. K* X0 [- ymso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ) B7 o+ @7 R. [# k/ V& W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说： J+ m3 v2 w( D% B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。3 ]% s% ~5 ?& `/ k# i# e. kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是9 \' e3 _3 s! ?/ b- j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违, f; d$ L4 A2 |; S# Z" y& V. A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得: D: h# c* r) c1 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“% r6 R$ }, n) |$ l' E4 c3 M" Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% P# u7 U+ V' v& {" B. }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲8 r' X2 G# |* i$ t- k! V9 {0 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( g+ J3 D7 l8 \, `4 [3 w4 W8 }" H3 L, H
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1 z( J7 a" l- K$ fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，1 R1 e0 @# A# p; c
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/ x2 L o3 W+ Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。" t5 M8 ]+ o/ T7 _
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5 l8 u% W G* K3 z* Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。" Z1 f1 \0 w/ o3 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？1 r2 o1 k6 ?" m4 W( r: @8 ]
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# K8 M+ H, v3 s& c" G5 v) Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。$ ?, Q# V1 O$ L; `+ i- k( Z9 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义( ~/ J, c$ m3 S1 G( m4 X5 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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r! Z' E/ [, B, [' u! }. dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！) H. ^+ q& y8 N s' L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。/ ?( E) A- X3 o3 O3 N7 R8 w$ a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述7 o3 i- D, W& _# g
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% L7 N( j. _% d0 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊* m% z+ e' J2 z+ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, [, q- U j/ W. O& HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。! Y9 M5 g' A/ o" @3 c# b1 _8 l5 _9 Q# |
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孝经
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; R; H2 Y, U$ T( l* E) J' t! C, `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。1 x0 @. t6 J- u8 d* o' l: G* }& ~3 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——, {; J- Y& p7 C: u; Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 N' R) M( V( {1 N2 x# k0 }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。9 G$ Q& _+ s6 p$ E6 m1 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 Q- a& ~9 r1 c7 I; Z9 Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：8 v# r$ F1 W& ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, i5 T2 i/ S$ C, ]* _7 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: z S% }1 n4 E4 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。7 s# o% Q& K v; `) ?3 M: ~; Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个6 H* g) x" U5 z/ \, I1 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' p6 d$ \- r$ G2 Z# {" m( `" y& e
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' s% s! ^/ | T( O2 _5 G6 W1 ], omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬. W8 i3 t% {0 `0 n0 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# w E( ]. C6 ~) Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ r( h3 H* Z+ @) } e: i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为6 w( `. c, B: ?3 N4 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 r4 ^, J' N6 g7 `7 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道$ g) X8 h/ Y& P9 S- I5 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 m6 L2 u9 e( A( f& i6 m8 h. S3 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。+ k( x! j9 w: w* _8 q6 R$ F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的5 d7 B8 t6 ^! t! z6 A( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& @, B6 U+ S& z# B8 C- x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思2 c7 p8 `8 W$ i9 b/ B5 x- K& wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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