跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

" o3 `7 P( ?" s mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网 R" C" `7 T2 F4 ~3 e mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ; ?, P2 a$ K/ ^" P font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。$ u% f$ E! p. p8 d( _mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 l( k. i ^/ c3 O$ d font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # q. `: ^- u( g9 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：/ b# I7 c% M2 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 N( S3 d8 u5 R2 b font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ r( X+ z# ?- O& K mso-font-kerning:0pt">5+ A5 X$ F# k3 u0 |# B' A% i* L% Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 8 }- v5 X( \6 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：. H: s8 H" R- k2 E9 v% U0 A9 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2•5 5 [( b1 [# }6 H- x$ q: Z7 o0 |3 }, X( j8 U Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ! g6 P, ]6 B0 F' a( T% {mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：+ Z+ h% ~6 D- b4 ~5 k$ Y mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% ?- J& p5 n* H; O: ^" L! K6 F2 { mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。2 V& [0 o7 i* {. c. K; Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% D m/ ~3 u2 Y( a; L mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 2 V# v c4 O6 m3 T; n+ {: smso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：9 ]2 R9 k. F4 p' j4 o mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- Z# Y6 Z# ]2 a( `: Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; G# {7 J U5 b$ h$ e3 M5 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。$ J9 T2 [( R& {color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 h5 [' Q5 ~- |1 hTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：9 p y: s6 n' pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ r n9 g; f% g" h# v0 Fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？, ?: X4 s0 L0 o! X$ j8 ?, e+ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 [) A) T+ p8 |9 c: E( p) lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：+ r5 j6 B6 E. [ mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 d8 I2 g4 F4 g8 t3 S. l7 A( Xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ Y" D; _! D H1 f _# j6 m0 p% Ycolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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" W& [7 k1 a+ |+ n: t5 M2 v Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。- _4 y+ d% r1 I6 q0 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 C* I; P1 ?7 OTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：+ d4 j. B) w- V10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. e$ A/ b: c$ R9 X9 M7 w! [1 N! N mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; * n1 T/ ^# e9 K- rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。- o& X) |& t% a+ {& m3 k" Q 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 u% x4 f, B, C2 H, _) x( ^ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：* q! r' Y+ I F- J 0pt">"/ Q: p8 L& t( W" emso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。( U7 }$ c; d( ~' i' ^5 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 j& u4 T0 L0 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：' p( r. W4 r/ i" I- [2 p2 y5 j. J( {' u mso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 G% C7 W/ n! s' N% u font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + j: j3 S' h8 w6 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢" b2 c& z+ i& @mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ! i0 c2 e3 w/ p k+ z) D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 }3 C7 J) T6 _9 U qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! v0 Y9 b, }8 @& ~2 W3 p6 M0 ^ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! t7 M# x" L% ?1 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。9 d( _* l$ J( i9 a) Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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5 W" ]2 h# \" F, Q8 F2 M10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ j) d5 Z5 ]* }5 f: V7 i: Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是5 }' d$ j# Y3 s10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ r2 A, W( X5 V: \7 c* X; z' h font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * M9 w- ]' F6 o& ?- m3 j/ Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违1 Y" i% H! ^0 _3 E/ m1 ` 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) p& B0 J+ F& z" q2 Q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 8 h* @9 J% X9 O* V+ w+ j2 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？2 t$ N% R# `6 g( ]' b) T$ ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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{1 s( d% j/ U$ R 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
4 R0 J) W% u$ `Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 6 v" O6 N% n: `7 B/ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得" p/ P$ e3 {* b kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 Z6 Q; {2 V/ Z1 P* Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违! o3 u O+ E! O* R/ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”( X' n6 [& W1 P0 v% p' _' R font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ P' v! _, U2 O. \! Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲9 L0 k" R& S* U1 \: O) y" S! K mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ F) h1 d( w# E( D# L5 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : R' L$ V3 v# J% F2 \* {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违1 I2 S) B# R# Q8 W( I, Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% n2 ~) E; ]) W& n/ T+ L7 ~3 C/ W font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼， _ e$ q# i6 [7 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ x0 }9 {, p0 n: dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ k. F5 i0 h; F- H9 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ }- P) m) u4 O8 Z8 W1 S mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* _" E1 T- h" C8 A' h# s& efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。1 F4 g; f, K" j. n8 @ mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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+ i8 ]: L" k: b 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 3 `5 d' _* c$ U1 C$ Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？1 R; q5 g& Y- ^# G2 _( U; C. y 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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^7 O: s. P8 r* l: } u0 |- ^ o10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
$ H9 F3 F8 f& n- A" [Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; * ^. ?# r% x1 z, J7 i/ X1 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。8 Z' ]3 B/ M; vmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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, R8 i) S6 J3 O) T- {! z+ x. _2 j font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：; c( t2 Y- Z' t4 I u/ S: W) c" lmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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& I3 N8 \4 T: R1 l6 T 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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* e- _* `; J. c) r& Bmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 2 t. v2 k2 U/ c; y I& I! qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义/ s4 r x! d: s; i1 `' l mso-font-kerning:0pt">
7 p9 F) t" V$ T T9 c& L! `9 `8 W$ U- G. x+ N4 Q Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！ A c, u9 s# C |. V" G9 s% Z 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 j- }3 [7 n1 L! }* }0 E8 rmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英： q% O0 X- r% r u$ l7 u, B 0pt">

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: |. q7 ~* B8 j- y; W/ \! Hmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 0 x7 g' F4 A5 m* UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！) s, @" ^, G* O( r, l& L/ ^) dmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 H- ~' E% A& A5 X font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。7 X. L+ ]6 W8 N, x mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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' Y5 q! w- P0 z2 f6 m% Mmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述1 W, {, B; c/ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">2 d. m1 |( N4 ?1 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 f* k7 g) |' Q/ t9 R" `1 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊- K4 ^+ k( e- _& S1 r; f2 h6 [; qmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 L3 c% k' l! N, k( P! ~- I/ E3 P mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: / F* Z& W: U8 a4 |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。- B- t7 f+ [/ \, h. c, v U% l1 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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! ~1 \5 S$ `4 A6 E7 `$ F& X mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。' @% _0 i& z* A0 G7 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——% _7 S V! E, R6 n9 J font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 4 W% {" {7 }1 t c) T5 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。2 g; Q/ c* ?/ p% U mso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 t5 g; `- p. Q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：) F6 K/ h+ w( M mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. Z& u" Y6 Y8 H* r; f6 X font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 s& ^& D) w5 |( j amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。+ L# u% p9 x8 W2 imso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 N" |7 @* u6 Y) pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + v# |, s# \8 u2 F" Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个9 T$ w9 i7 W s p( gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; O+ W) U7 d9 y$ M5 kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬; w7 N; G. l' ?. l Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ _ |: T$ B1 y L2 j/ X) Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 x A8 w3 R$ Z8 w2 d, U3 [* tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为% {: A/ D, @! c% ^6 { mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, m7 r E8 S1 H# _1 t font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道: z# }# l2 X$ {5 s1 e" F3 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" p- |* p; s: p/ w# K Q1 D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。6 Y. [5 w4 `9 Q: X Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服
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我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服