跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

4 N/ L% Z0 U( ~" P" u# j2 d mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ( y0 v/ p9 R! P% d0 CTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网7 z) Q2 {+ b# W/ _& ]+ K2 L mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ, ~. b G" i' s1 y% c* kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。1 u+ C( ~* k. P/ _" f: e4 j mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 F0 E7 N7 H1 v8 e) i g% k u/ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：% r" F+ Q, I7 }1 a0 P3 U7 h9 M; @7 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">

. ]) Q$ b1 E7 E: k# t 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

2 d6 M& [# P6 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第# q+ f# H' ?& s mso-font-kerning:0pt">53 o2 K- o0 [) n& b8 r/ I2 b6 t! p font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：1 G) n, b( C6 ]2 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">

2•5  N4 g8 J2 y5 f, P7 H jTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 8 u/ v( M" V' @9 ~1 J' y# Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：$ C* K& I: y4 g$ S: ]9 S5 @+ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ p* y0 B9 B/ Z' M mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , }) @" Y7 |# G2 i+ S1 ^/ \ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。) [- |% t9 [5 q2 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) E' z6 ~/ ]4 Umso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：9 X8 q: k: G6 A5 j6 s! fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& Y4 G5 R m/ F& x! u q: Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; : T/ p) ?+ v6 x4 H A) l! bmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。! N3 ~" @( l, F4 zcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 T" \% ^2 C. `# T- v8 I Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; & I7 Y4 \5 E3 }- |( _mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：3 ?/ {% e( m( V8 W- e4 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" g' n3 | c1 z2 ]/ k: L8 R: _2 A mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？3 Y; L$ F k% e3 X, |) ]9 U8 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( ^1 Z: u- y* t, C! O& omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 p* [! U. v0 H6 O. J6 ?, Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. B, r$ ^- r- W6 w mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) w& y( h t, Y) X8 a* Xcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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1 u' J0 K& c& n8 t! |2 c* u: c! x4 E$ ~0 K Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。; \, y* }# N* V' Z% Z( C mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 w0 X8 Z: s$ I& z( e1 I1 P Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：& G- t% C# s$ P4 Y8 a) X9 J1 [ 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) c' C6 N9 E' O) u# C5 i& q# q: Y mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ( c t' m- F+ ~5 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。6 [7 w; J9 ?+ Q! {5 W 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ ~3 ]7 A2 E9 o1 G4 Y mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; : [7 `- L# g5 b) f4 i& t# Q& n1 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：& k' c) [3 ~7 Y 0pt">"" i& J8 y* M9 S3 C6 Q" |mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。! E2 L1 |6 A, I1 z" @mso-font-kerning:0pt">"! W: Q* v- v" N; s: H9 N8 H9 v( X( ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：% m# A) J7 @& ]+ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">"- U( n+ K' |" S; b) V8 }; Z5 B font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 z, d4 \4 B" X4 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢 s* Q$ O2 z& K2 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" * S8 _9 Y) H1 U8 b" ]& q; o font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 F0 e; m9 S: x2 E0 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">"; R- L4 b! \" W8 ` v font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。 m$ ^8 b' W4 e8 E! ?) T! t mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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2 U/ ^+ Y6 A q; ^ 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
. o( m3 Q# F" {% O: q 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是5 I, Z" n& j- ?$ V* V$ t10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* u# H9 X( K+ B) E* I" Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! t! x; T' p/ r& m+ L9 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违' j1 M( K3 y) u7 h. U9 @10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: ?" O+ I' n% Y- t; p font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？- h0 n9 D' V9 o5 `2 i& O* l) p10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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( f. D; }- v; i- K) ^; Y- r 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
% u! c4 f+ f/ I8 G& x$ e$ |- S0 E* w9 K! @) u: v- Z% n9 o Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得" B3 m T7 n: O7 C3 ~( b/ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 c+ Q9 S g! R font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ \ D- @% }2 S) dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: N' v& ~) u t9 R8 ` mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 i* _. _. E8 u7 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲* S) L9 w9 I0 n! ?" Y mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, h1 Q: Z6 E. x% p- ^9 z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违6 c6 ~0 R2 M! D7 c% K; m5 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 t, d3 h! ~# [. e0 Y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，- @' e+ d( R3 }! y mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ C+ b* r6 ?4 L% f5 ^ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 3 P& n0 |) ^& E) t+ p8 i6 O: V- Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. I2 \* m* w9 h- L# Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' z$ B/ A4 m+ M& ~ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。* a2 A+ j* a( V- l mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 ^7 d; z, c l9 }7 p8 I9 u4 a9 B10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
o8 L( X& q5 G10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？' n+ o; ~4 `% q1 z& e( K/ h 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: u7 ]0 O2 W2 a8 G Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。7 _' w3 [$ n: b0 k* @; o mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 {$ y- g6 l6 R# ^% E 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

5 \2 \5 n' Z+ y. G I) ~ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：; Y& X2 u! Y; E$ |; \* t" A5 n mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 w; f# D7 M6 w$ `8 {/ Q( T0 a" E mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义 F/ _, A) i3 _" z% m5 h* {* W6 a mso-font-kerning:0pt">
+ {) i6 B% S N+ m5 b2 n3 j- w& ^+ K Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！( r" T' i. t* F, c; }10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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; A) i) Z: t, R p* o' z' Hmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：9 z( f5 p5 l# r$ n0pt">

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R$ Z2 b+ N% [3 R mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！! X) W% d, y4 s0 @ mso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ v, K8 v% }; z. x3 T font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 S4 H) e# M( y' J. smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。; f8 D }: p4 `/ u6 d! h, ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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! v% h' O' u ?- l0 Y+ ^ mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述: K, Z9 l8 k. U4 Q& J0 x/ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">28 `& b1 |+ @! s6 m8 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊& z4 r9 p1 h/ _2 f) d2 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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: m. c" ^1 T& M" t& @% b mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: , H& G: l% l$ B1 oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。5 k/ D$ |( e9 i" L+ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 F. b4 U& d' O0 W( q7 B font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 y1 U5 B ~4 g/ m$ y+ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。6 F2 n W9 i+ X! U+ A6 S mso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 o0 X9 h. O' x% C4 j0 |/ Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ' ?3 Y* R' ~; v. A" nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：+ \. \1 u; M2 q% U# v$ R mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 i. C6 M+ _9 [# O font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; [8 U: X3 `2 O: H3 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。 ~8 s6 c4 I& o, |' @4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% g0 h6 g' J R& Q: { font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; " W) c1 J! a& U" Z3 B* |, Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个9 ^! |- s m% U8 b6 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 r! e5 y* x- c% b2 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬& t0 @. }: u: a; Q; Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, f7 }3 o: u9 _0 Q4 R( L font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 q" D0 F7 K9 u3 s wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: c# p2 f* N$ l mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ S0 K) x$ j: h) ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道( l6 x1 }3 U" d- h( A1 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ E! ~2 P1 t' _" {0 D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 8 P9 g0 k# l' u g( H3 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。, ?' t4 u% v8 y3 i i' D' t$ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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9 q0 Z# }$ j- vmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：6 t- \* u2 u5 y" N6 Z0pt">

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, P" e) J9 a- @mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的3 e! @6 i6 p- @! B& c0 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: x3 }. @5 W0 t* n( N8 a font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺9 a4 U$ e* ~- j mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( I$ N1 x- |3 H0 u5 \$ C3 M( Y! [& Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思8 ~0 @5 L* e: Y' I$ ] mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服
3 j) |8 w9 e; M% G  g6 a

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服