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) q$ y7 l8 [: P+ f' W A6 x- c7 X/ YTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网4 t7 y) |5 N' I7 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ1 |! M$ i) _8 n. W
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. U. R. f, f! M, a- W# Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。7 K( ]6 x. {0 j/ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% J' |8 L. i: `; W: L1 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 h; o3 M$ O0 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">59 _4 z8 [/ [! @% T
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% J# n0 ~ H, x' u) cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:' a* u5 }" u/ o' T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。- Y, ]4 V! l3 i. q- n4 Q. o. [0 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 ` z3 G- J* ~. U) ~3 K1 {mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;7 w( u; D3 S/ w! }$ n5 _( x: u
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:* T* A1 a# J- D; W* pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ C2 P7 q/ B& rmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;8 ] z w& `! y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。+ X0 R/ K2 A }2 ~2 w: w, y/ U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:: U9 i# z9 R9 L O* Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“) }" h+ y7 }9 \ H) I5 P1 W! S1 Rmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! U! e! T- p. d% b; \: M- e" A( \ n
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?3 ^3 C+ _' Y9 v9 U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰: z: v! K Y% m9 emso-font-kerning:0pt">“) [6 j, P. k4 emso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* l6 O# R2 U& t6 ]6 B. l' B5 g
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。% s- ] {5 T! \; L& c, y6 H
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% ^7 x1 D! J: ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。/ z3 B, W; ?0 k+ c f ?, mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ S' R& s! r3 z+ m* A6 Z& T+ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:6 Z y3 n7 s0 ?7 x% r# Q! R/ S
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。( A6 |" } P" Q& ?10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( e G% i" u ?1 ?$ {mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
" k# E) E# z- P: ^' u' [- r$ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:' q: o0 U) |0 E6 D' _0pt">"% g# t1 }& f" y( \5 q
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: Q6 x) ~% ]% N mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。$ M6 }' I" e0 e9 x" @3 i- m4 H
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5 K7 O3 |& I8 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:3 x5 G& s/ o' A1 P1 Q8 C
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! c9 v& K+ m- I, Y% R+ v( Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢$ p7 n" f+ f' w( X7 O7 j. I
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& b6 x- G6 X {- n A7 }3 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:9 l- O- `5 M2 x( N# R; z
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2 e, ]' n, P9 z! t! bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。 W \" B; e' _0 Y* _3 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是9 y. l. W+ f5 z8 s4 A( @ R10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ \& W' G- O3 p$ \ h- [
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! v5 Q) Q2 y; |( C: Amso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得$ X0 P8 |4 S1 U. F) Z, c5 g# |
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0 J1 @+ O( e4 q) e* K5 e8 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违6 Q$ K7 p0 {5 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* H# b5 a; Q- a. e' V8 ~) `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( G5 \0 j# Y3 }% f6 b/ P0 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲5 d8 N) s3 W: W1 S4 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 W2 \! N5 F, j
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1 E2 M) ]1 I0 J: g7 V: q% Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼, S' O* b! q! Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 ^% k) @. [: n0 w( i3 F6 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 I3 u& Q$ f# |4 b2 y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。. I! Z" Y) X! h2 w; X/ z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。6 r% i8 G, V# P! w! R9 S. s0 R
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* o9 o0 f) O: z& G9 d0 I% V0 smso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。' X! _5 m8 x* ~5 X% `" kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 j! H! ?1 o6 D. M9 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义* G6 S0 |' D6 L# y3 }5 F- Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!! O1 N. y1 i+ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 C, B1 _0 x* K& S( M8 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。1 ?# p& J% y8 [
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0 X. G9 I/ M+ p7 E0 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述! p A, ?& g4 l) imso-font-kerning:0pt">2% M" v3 X6 r0 j3 O
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( T3 B0 q; g( D; l* I* g6 o, h; gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊2 n2 }4 {/ G& r
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0 I( ` Q7 o3 b$ E5 fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。9 i/ {0 G$ {. W5 V5 Z+ s3 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。, c; J! Y A# L+ Y9 J* S5 B
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0 B3 ^9 V+ Z) z/ V- ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。' @) f+ i; c. N, \; Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# `4 K* U$ O' k& \9 w: B) @) L% t; Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 i* y, b/ n. Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:5 s; p0 P7 t" [: D7 \2 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。+ `& ]* N6 o$ ]9 P/ g) q3 q: r4 k, C. g
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/ v: A$ g* ]0 Q! gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个6 [5 E3 u% |, h5 O8 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 [- E5 M' q# f% R5 z+ U6 f5 w
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x; _" l: y) ?4 n9 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬; b b$ C. H# X. o+ H3 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 y( r& I9 [ r% y3 E- Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 U6 `1 S" K) s& X, G+ P bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: s- l6 d4 B; ^$ r5 [* P5 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% Y* Q" a$ \: W, B+ K8 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! E4 ^* {, B6 A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。3 s7 {* V6 u( e$ p0 x, Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- J' G$ y5 X" E) C6 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的5 f9 `+ I6 j3 w% a' |
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