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$ Y* Y, }7 X, f6 g" UTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网7 Q h) g+ N" V2 w% b# mmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ/ L- {) D5 A+ l4 ]: i% q
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0 S: Q8 o) B" N4 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。/ B( [: P8 P0 p
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2 u) t6 Y+ d/ j2 e: ?9 q: omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. E) \; S* H. X9 ~& a1 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">5+ F, R, z, |/ B9 c' @2 X6 H9 }
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4 n* Q, l) S7 h' u& P U! r4 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：4 T$ Z: {- q( Z% H" j4 C, bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( k. P1 c) n0 H% _- o1 {. [mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;+ X/ ]+ Y% e2 r" A' }
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。- x7 H) F8 x+ m* l9 C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：& H! H. r5 M& F4 Q' x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。) |! h' a v5 V0 S3 o' Ocolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. v8 {0 l' Q3 T/ k$ ~7 A" X
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# J% ~8 m; i4 t4 B$ p! q- k, Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：9 n/ F( g2 D2 \. V9 e6 Z0 ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？) S4 d% }& l/ ]" a& C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。+ ^; O# o. S5 [" rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。. N0 q, D. ?+ v; Q6 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) I5 b3 ]+ L( W% Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：$ F9 ~: E* h; _/ l% K10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ q# B7 p# A8 I: \. u
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$ r F6 A# s; r: h. a- g6 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。4 X3 C# @( w! V& U2 x10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ M2 C! j9 j0 l& q5 o4 mmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
# \& E! g6 i) t- {; y9 c' j0 ~5 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：% F J! c' ~, B& ?8 b; a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。9 ^. S$ S( U( n, a
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) J4 i2 T4 r4 Y# M* J7 Y/ h/ P% K7 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：( O0 x v# i$ }( F2 |; O7 g; X
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. V. u" U. M* n! g4 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢- Q4 i, F/ l* X: q! @mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" : E- w. n% M& ?! N7 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% K3 q D$ V0 F6 ~- F
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：3 N2 \' }% d* ]7 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。* X: h1 z+ n. Q6 L8 E: Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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% o" c2 Z2 @1 H% Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是* b, y" y% `4 q: V! x) l10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 f" b$ v) o# B0 ?. Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& I9 A7 w" c1 O
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- |. x. q0 m8 ^3 J8 `8 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得0 D( [9 E6 p. c5 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲0 m* _* j2 T5 m1 x) umso-font-kerning:0pt">“# j9 X4 c( K; F5 m" Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, ?+ z x( l. O
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4 m \+ O1 J" N1 B6 j5 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，; ~( f! @: ]4 p* [. U9 _! y
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I3 p. i! Y2 [/ Y: pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。% I$ T" q3 } S7 t5 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% \: N8 t7 W/ X0 P1 }
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[' P# s6 u% O# U5 R9 z# I1 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。& r) C5 E7 o7 F0 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？0 n U* t4 h' w' m10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。& V- T0 h/ \, x6 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：, I' k* y, ^2 z* R7 a, Y' w% [+ U y
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' {9 p& Z7 e- a8 R# k# xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义5 P- w9 L' B& o* \' J7 C4 i2 z9 k
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. T5 T2 G" r$ c( K5 WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！) ^3 f9 b0 \% E0 m3 {+ \mso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 e5 d9 @& D: O) ^+ c6 m0 v
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8 V# D3 P2 m6 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。0 c5 R; I& `- m" w3 Y9 imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述7 Q; ^. n! o( g: Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">2" S% G7 z" g9 j4 I# x# cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 e/ V: E9 L- l5 ~$ a2 T4 X0 W$ H% U2 I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊3 N7 Y0 s/ }: _8 ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。: h+ w- S. }6 k6 x+ {% Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 G2 {) x U8 O8 UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。6 @ j+ a- ^* ^9 @( cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# J! Q+ J q' W+ [+ ^+ ], b/ ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 C5 P" ~! `7 { c w, s5 u9 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 L4 i, ?9 p. b% Y ]/ h
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2 L/ ] F4 g! a4 F+ ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：- z+ [( y3 a+ W; w; x; G! i, p
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1 ]: T, L5 H% Q8 t+ f. Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。' d* ^' B! f7 W2 a& O* P/ j* b9 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">” x0 Q" n/ a- R( f, k$ \: nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 V6 F3 l1 A2 L# m! [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个) E' u' y5 Z# X4 o" U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬! u, z" X% g$ ]7 Q7 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 j5 t# u. F( F+ z' Z( D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为& ?* m4 F1 U6 t# ~1 r: e) |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道 V% C: ^; J ]- m/ e# F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。4 U, g4 {1 m6 N0 r5 B- W
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" c3 k r; u i8 ^9 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的# i: }# v) F. i+ |+ `/ J y/ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 E: e0 ~7 h: d! Q4 P! D$ W% ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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+ z2 ?7 f1 h$ ?( Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思: m9 M6 U9 E- ~* u2 x9 R9 ~* Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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