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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网) d" j- L Z( w0 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。' T4 B. K3 S% B% O% ?, s- M+ A7 I5 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ S2 B, q" R$ imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% g# z$ C" Z6 T; K/ L0 p5 V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：* t3 L8 K, v" C6 \6 Z5 ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。; V" H$ \+ w" d2 d: R0 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ o! E8 x: d& x" F' Q# h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：' \3 n% V3 y$ g3 k: V; h7 C, @+ R6 M1 Z
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, m" ~# D/ }7 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。' l3 J8 r6 A' v4 c5 {color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" R# V( V. B# b+ fTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;: i7 x2 O( J! N
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：/ u! X% S, v, z) pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! j& S* m4 Q4 [+ n- ~/ e4 d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？* |1 Y2 [4 }4 ?4 Z1 o7 omso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 w' w7 q- K% s. @% ^9 ]* C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 [ r% f( l7 M0 H% J) ?color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。# s9 x4 ]) r, m, l. ]8 k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：) v& v9 t6 O1 r* z' c
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! g7 U0 |; v7 amso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。) X. I; P1 Y) C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ x+ q! [( ^2 j# y. ^
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8 j# M ~0 v( Imso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：+ `& O5 A: G1 g B# p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。: E9 Z. U9 W5 |9 m2 F9 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"7 s& j% z1 @# K7 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; a* `1 A8 A5 v' R' z% Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：: V( X! ^( Y4 V8 d! C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢! K/ A/ ^- @( Q! p9 U; f
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7 D" c" e1 U7 z% K# qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：: }; r, K. B. p( C7 }
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, x; X/ V$ W& R$ i7 X6 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。; ]# p6 S, ~# K0 ~6 A5 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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, S! Q; h0 {7 q% Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是7 Y* @% t2 f; D
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. I$ m( v8 j) S. Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违0 r2 f- { s$ T3 l+ W
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得" a7 I- y# [/ S* N7 @* I5 ~
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4 T5 S% {0 P; fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: {/ Y/ z/ O6 A) J# Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 T l) p& A- e8 Y( Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 r7 \" U3 |' p5 n( h( t& [, tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲* t+ O- J$ I- k8 w5 N6 p4 c6 t
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/ \) s, N o& t3 x; R$ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违' u9 T, U) r. P% Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ J4 d4 c# R$ }0 @& \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 v9 G1 h5 i* ?7 X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，4 F6 f8 ]' U5 u& u9 K6 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# D4 U/ f. F4 h, ~5 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。1 u* G( g7 u3 O5 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。" x% U- @ k& jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 c* O% @8 X q, nmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。6 @+ Y3 B9 \" o2 ~$ {( z) u
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% U u% V9 ^6 A% G, w) a, s" Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：. B& s" B! k8 l2 J a: K4 C. ^$ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; y0 I$ l( a# E4 fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义2 G) e& K6 B, C: g9 {/ C; h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！1 |( U4 f+ C6 U
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2 Q5 Q }2 n' s' fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。& @" }/ [ n( x/ W% X# p/ |. r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述6 _. Z5 B* E! C4 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">2! s* I8 Y4 ^# ~1 w8 w- F- U5 a
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! G- ?( b( h: Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊$ Q: G# B; p( d) f/ _1 C* z$ Z; `
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* P0 h, s& ~8 v) s# pTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乃群：; L- E/ T9 @) h
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, p% D% z6 a. f( R! `9 l9 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。* E/ G% {4 S f5 n' |
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孝经
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: R+ t. u3 x' _7 |' T; \0 e6 Y6 C+ cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。: v' i' d( [" ~- `" {2 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. j* p& r& q. S% w) [* H
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8 Y" N3 C7 Z/ V3 J, H7 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。7 C# o7 ~' g" M+ u) p1 Y: v$ q+ C
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& K' R$ \8 u" ]# k1 F: Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：( }+ K- U4 y2 J- _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; _4 m" S; o T/ X0 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" B; v( p6 b# u. g+ @" O4 r, R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。7 ~. B( d. p) L% h) e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个! ?' V) s0 |: W7 S: M% f
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' u, A5 w3 S3 d: h: [& I( P. P9 P, emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬. i% C# f' @7 v6 U0 D: umso-font-kerning:0pt">”# A' w8 r8 f; p
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- o/ G0 Q% P. s5 e' P ?$ M8 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: _. k2 Z. U9 F& \0 x# M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道0 D; C* U1 o$ X9 }$ V% x; @* wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. j/ H4 h0 i; b% p: T/ `2 H8 H* l! zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: X5 Q2 e, L& ]( Z9 P! G4 ~: L) `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。9 c: Z, Q) y4 j L/ }8 c
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2 F a) J: }% X+ ~Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：2 Z y/ D" M; a. n" ]( S0pt">
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$ ^6 |7 w! c2 W' eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的1 t7 u2 r: y4 ~+ l v; F8 V6 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ Z7 v7 J( \. l( ?0 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思* }0 n) @; t8 z- Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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