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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 g* _2 I$ u dmso-font-kerning:0pt">24 j3 q+ s( ?+ V9 a7 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 R$ g9 E+ p8 w
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7 Z+ P( l2 c: g3 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。8 B' ]. {3 a% E% p, ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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2 J A9 G4 p: N: a1 `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。$ k9 ?0 L! L9 D- \. B( n
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1 C1 b L* w. X4 [5 F& y0 A4 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经+ U5 R2 f$ ?( c5 g% ?6 ], F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。- c. z$ R2 T M' ^5 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" L' a( `; S9 P! p1 G) C% qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" R4 E, Y: t# ]" M3 H& } j
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D. M* }# ]7 ~' P' Y3 C. A" x" imso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是/ m# n. Q. r! W
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4 o; z8 O0 Y3 ]5 o! UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？6 v( Q$ k* [. O3 W. Z9 k% D0 a
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9 r: ]' C, N" BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，- g+ M! t2 X, W) I! N" [% B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。' h4 d2 T. D" [ Q8 _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐7 h4 c5 G' i" N, O% _8 a. d: f3 `
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: R. o9 A0 H- {* d" L$ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种& u3 k. s. s! [1 J: Z/ v, k! K
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; A6 s, \$ L: m9 _5 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的4 J' O6 B) c! Y* |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐. B- H; C( c2 J1 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- C3 ~6 Z3 P ~6 u1 @% [# s( ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 w6 R4 J% t: v2 E' W, M) ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，( z2 Z$ K! U' K9 r3 g+ j$ Y6 |
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: a% P5 f o! B% }+ m) l( Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教1 W' q6 C7 Y# w# M* M9 d8 S, Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 \5 Y q/ x, Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 ]# b( z2 K. X8 @1 J+ a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。4 r9 F) r3 k& Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 q8 n9 r' Y( R/ N- W2 x7 L7 DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌! F- M+ \' ?% F( `mso-font-kerning:0pt">3051 v {; U3 \# p7 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( ~9 S) O8 R. Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视" Q5 X" H' X* f3 D9 [
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' A! r" H. P8 O% v0 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：3 x& Q6 Y# Y" p0 N; i& c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。5 ^* U Z( X6 J( m4 {. rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 m7 R0 [" O0 N, ]3 l# w1 V! Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 g! g" y/ Z( `' @3 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语4 f8 c- c- N4 C4 b7 F# `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）6 n' D1 Q% X% U$ K. @
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( s/ C0 V& h3 S+ M1 w. Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。9 K O, _1 C7 D$ D3 c8 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语$ i5 N5 k8 T" R6 j8 s$ i8 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过) R; s8 A6 g2 n7 l
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3 Y5 l. |5 a+ _; H7 w9 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨) e/ J, |$ E1 I) P5 v/ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”( d. G, ~ i6 ]/ n- ?& q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪) T Z; F/ i5 u x vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! `1 ^# `5 x# s" Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 g9 ~: V3 D( D4 S# ~% ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。' `3 m' f& ?! d6 {( @& I
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" G# \4 _- H5 z4 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。 e8 f' E: V ?2 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">", ]3 ~: ]/ d4 U
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/ V* u. |+ F& \1 L0 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。; |" H) t$ B; u9 \$ Y" b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。- B; {. }3 N: O. @# J8 H& Q, Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——' B' z4 r+ L: V9 i: K. P
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$ D2 Y% R6 }' Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”9 d8 b5 n3 v1 Q
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3 i2 W3 H: l5 B3 N0 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。$ K! S! J, D! c7 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。4 c6 ^# P* k5 {( u/ Q6 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于# ~( L- J; M4 B) Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 h- r. q5 \) D; K
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+ F8 N( Q a2 Z: L5 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨 e& b4 }, a' \9 M5 t1 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">” ~6 I' i2 p4 y6 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 E) y0 G+ a$ g# S4 R6 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓, E7 e+ n1 A+ }- F* p! q9 G7 N7 J
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1 f' ?( R; y, a! x amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓; c* v% u! B- B \: v- Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' w# I+ k' l2 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓5 L: X4 p8 |& ^: l* J8 [
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3 O+ N+ g. I2 }: rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群( f. h% a/ o7 x+ B% k g1 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓5 x7 s0 G) B; z1 C+ A) M
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" S4 ]; l! V8 O0 s. H0 J) m$ d% Z- w4 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨8 p F* a; _* u2 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼" \( S# j( r4 j* Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 @% y; |# C) t* j8 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤+ |! b9 p2 T5 V2 r, t+ ]: D/ \+ z
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) Q) l7 i+ \; a( m/ jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语+ |/ Y" S* R, m, v3 R8 f7 D' F0 d% ` pmso-font-kerning:0pt">.' g6 J) D- A" I) T8 P8 {6 m1 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 {( t9 q; h- i0 r" M
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能* W4 f* ^ `0 m( `' ?
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4 {$ h8 N s3 S' l @3 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒6 w9 Z' o( L; w2 x8 }! f/ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. \1 H& v6 I% O' h8 A* Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 E* e, t$ p/ p6 I# R7 M
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹! i# ~6 _) K4 p# a! }8 I( X) m
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. n8 ^2 N# s9 m$ G M7 [/ ?+ Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人% d2 M) f5 ?) Z. V! fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# f3 ^% o9 ^3 Q7 o/ c' K' J' x4 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪: ` E2 j! B9 q5 c) Z: |. @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# c% n. o+ i$ |. \; A# f: l
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3 R% N7 e. P1 s) hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。* D& O1 c7 m4 X# k0 I: q
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% D7 z6 m+ j3 `' t/ Q2 }Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：; h$ S: C: c4 f$ H& B A1 E
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" z3 G6 W2 t; h0 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。* |6 U# M% h" E6 {5 f/ x* ymso-font-kerning:0pt">- @+ u. p# R* @% m
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( A' q1 ]4 v* j! Y8 _0 ]! Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊, O* G% ~- w2 v4 v! k6 {9 t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。# S& }5 ]1 m0 k$ J7 Q
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1 q1 l0 W1 I+ }, U# i. Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱, i/ I7 e3 F& l. }* [6 B) x
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300x180 AD
