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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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9 d8 l! C% [2 L8 U6 m/ c. mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( R$ i; p% r3 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">2: b+ F8 W' `+ ^# X6 }& L- O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。7 d$ d8 t2 u/ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？* |- @! a9 w, b) h6 W/ ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，+ f$ T9 h- a0 h; i& L5 U2 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 f. _9 R4 ~6 v$ c- c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。2 O7 w/ \0 Y( F9 b6 t0 R! w2 Y
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+ U) p3 L$ D6 I" I8 amso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐2 P3 \! Z+ T8 a) P8 w10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 V, J4 N. H, _$ @
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) S: m: t$ O6 R L- c3 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种1 S2 l; [9 K4 O# t) [. J
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5 Q* Q# g& `, g" p- H5 p' ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">立) s/ O- T) ~6 H4 U0 K( @* `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# m, \. ? G% z ~! x' G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的3 B( }2 f$ C3 n( D/ Q: ?6 `; [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，8 M- H5 S2 [- n1 m. O& @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& ~1 C4 j0 P" ^- @6 p. f. E0 J" |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 j, G0 R7 `1 B4 c" Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教. Q A6 S7 ?$ h g$ n f7 v" N: h
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! K/ H! n: F0 s" }4 z9 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教' F- I4 J) S) {5 j3 @
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4 T( F4 D5 q% X+ g7 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。7 ^2 C/ R/ s C) h
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+ @. w; L% p. h) s+ @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌5 N. Y# _. O7 H' G. r
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: P; h# g8 k3 y5 i5 g2 y1 W, `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视+ j$ c" u. t' a3 y" E$ p
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. D/ U% l/ D* I. i* h* _% wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：4 P! s9 S9 z( H
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' i! N: @! Q0 V! e( Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。9 x! ~) `8 g/ `2 z0 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# S! Y8 `/ z( i( S& Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">•* x# }1 y9 _3 f+ U! H8 ` w% ?& Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: S5 d. _1 \! R; k/ p* G) `
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）; y5 r5 J# k/ T* O
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: N* N! {* ]( ~8 {" fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。$ e" r$ l A) v i& }% ]# i+ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# U9 G6 r- \ m2 z& x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语; \. I4 N% O9 p4 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">• J2 j( Z3 m) u" `/ f- ?
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8 C* n) P- b9 }$ g% a& T; o& W% omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过2 t% f7 w8 v! O7 e+ u6 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“. a+ N% O& ^6 _8 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& @& H. O( U% H, S* o5 g; z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨; V+ ^/ c4 |1 t- n) w2 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% V* I! s! P q
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1 P$ s* w' ]3 t9 }) H4 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人- i% B- }% f+ m+ g5 c/ v1 A1 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 Z6 E3 C+ N7 o3 z M [& [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 M# I( E# y8 i! rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' ]5 V2 \6 c( R# R
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, D$ E, T( g: v" S& Q, xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。4 h: J: z- ]1 f
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英. N5 t; P- [6 S- z& M
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。# g% g5 B; c4 a5 h3 Y1 k$ L0 C
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- x+ k7 ?4 w+ x1 F# q: K: k Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”3 f/ y$ L7 T9 U1 I/ g
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$ c* ^+ S3 t' Y; Q# }( hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。5 b& V+ h/ D- v0 h+ b% Qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' G) E- F1 F' }
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1 t' o: e1 R2 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。, x- Z5 b7 x+ q: l0 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 q; L3 J5 b! l. Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于7 n- P- j6 Z) D6 ?. y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观7 q: t* R& i) ~3 w- ^3 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! Q8 x6 M) e0 W6 N' U, n9 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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& P/ c: c2 E8 ?, c- R" ^1 x$ Q6 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨' k# p3 q3 R) @- Q0 o4 v( Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 ]) {0 f- S$ \1 A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓/ n# x/ T7 ?. x+ T! b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓. B7 ^& V, G$ C9 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ h- R1 Q! |8 t" l, I- [8 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓8 ?" U5 w% x1 Y- k5 g
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! ~" `4 {* F* A* D5 S5 ?. O5 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群+ v/ K/ z0 k! T' x" S4 `5 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: N9 b+ H/ n1 g: ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; }$ ^, A1 K" w: P0 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓) A. }- V9 _* v: c% U& ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“* Q) R# j5 J7 A
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- S0 c% d* Y' b+ G* D% fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨3 } r) W' A" k: v" ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" E; `, c& _* D& w5 ^0 l" m0 q ~- gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 x' O2 ]( d) J3 G9 n7 b& A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼! `1 M7 R$ i. E6 }4 |4 Y- p
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/ u1 J2 s$ \, N1 p0 l' E, dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤9 d" b$ x, r; d# O2 e8 B2 W
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, `+ s$ Q" U9 _" B5 [& Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 m& U O6 q! Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">.. m! b$ f; Y; J: e q! t
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; M3 T/ { Y7 `$ R- K! ]% U; Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能. u1 a) q, |4 p3 h7 X& J2 _! S
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# L: w( W4 L0 G" R& M# D& O7 i& emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒; z( ~: e! k: B/ b. y% }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹* M8 ~/ X7 E! T' M. |" ~ ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人, X, q4 [" N5 }! C" g" ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语' o: `1 E; }" @' U' n; J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。8 Q( l7 t5 |. O/ L8 `/ g: e, R! Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 C0 l5 K: `! Q0 L7 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。, W3 J; B4 [2 v; V! {3 ?
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; M4 J/ p7 }4 d. w6 B8 C* }- ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊) Z( O d! c, ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 e, q% ^; C0 f6 n& H6 S. J( ~9 ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理6 C# K$ j$ T. a( |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。! Z. \ n8 c, tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 P8 ^' |$ L. X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱' v; x$ I: i+ v1 T5 @1 e3 Z2 [% _
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, `9 X: g4 [& v& P7 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧: U6 P* m, K; K4 C+ O ~
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3 g" U9 @) i2 r% V8 `$ x% @: FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等! I" c- e4 X7 ~, \8 ^8 |) o! w' u$ U+ I
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J! R0 _7 d0 ~0 RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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