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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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" p7 a5 a! P' m$ K/ W: }& |7 N6 STahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：% J# i7 `6 O4 T$ S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第3 a3 H' ?. s4 j _ Q
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# v* ?" j8 v, r0 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 G5 W8 Z( B* S# F( u# z: {mso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 B; y; I& }4 i7 q' v' z- {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- Z2 @6 j3 f W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。; }! @1 W e, k/ i, f3 \) {mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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2 N6 {% P: L) l( k6 `. Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经( O j; X; D7 G$ T" N
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- @! |# M6 C# d2 |3 Q/ Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。+ Y% I( R9 S" s Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是4 F$ ~5 M$ H0 Z$ O5 Z0pt">‘* b5 G# @ Q; ^Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;4 |2 e- f) k( Y c' Y1 v- j5 A
mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。% F7 A6 V, Q' G) Z! S7 j
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C# f' r, S, R6 c+ t, wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？& k3 P8 a3 k. R+ y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，* d" N7 C8 H9 B4 Q; [
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6 g% Y. H3 O s* imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。& Z+ ~9 W: r' H k; s# _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐8 e" @# W2 J, A: ?5 _. M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 _% y+ V; }" J5 B( G
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* M" D; `3 V$ I; |, Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种' f, t w+ ~; j- M# z5 \% w
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) G1 D/ N% m8 d2 ^. s0 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的1 D' k4 z, _0 O5 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 G- V3 C% P. m* ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& u9 @4 A8 ^( s. z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，# u0 C8 R' s' O8 T! w& [( d4 ?! Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% Y, q. \3 r3 O+ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# ^0 _9 I0 W' D0 d6 B- i4 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。" C( \* p0 x Z/ X9 A5 y
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5 V3 S/ P4 G/ |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌/ Y1 s# z, a- i; j( s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视$ ^4 a2 U p, T9 z2 ~ H/ p8 N
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2 Q, o+ ]4 g; G; ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗; V1 Z j" K; O/ K3 J8 J5 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：. O o9 u( K" }6 o4 l" ?& q" v6 T0 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“, v# ^, _2 f# t, vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! ?9 }8 ]% I7 @% T: \' t1 g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。7 N) B" L# P3 l8 E1 a
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! V; b. j% [. dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语- _& e' x" N( Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">•( J+ A8 E; p; x. r1 h8 L5 l" i; p
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; C" z4 d. P- I! `' b( Z# Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）- c; R. z' u! @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。6 `! M @! {7 H6 g$ ~1 p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过$ J' U* |0 Y# }$ mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' H g) }: ~; v/ e
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/ l; }6 i. A2 V' ]. N, }) f6 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨" e" d: A* Y* O3 c& Z d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人' G6 c8 I7 V2 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“* O+ I* Z! W6 Z- D. o# T3 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 \! v' K# l' `' E5 D' U9 p) h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。. g, t7 Y. [: m" B: x8 K! r0 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"% l5 {& w1 ]6 w/ F) E
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0 A' j' q4 C" Y$ m; |7 R4 D) hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。& x* _. R; \: C% V, G
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6 N% D8 p" `5 M0 N( g9 M! G: QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。' _ C1 V" U+ Z" amso-font-kerning:0pt">——! l4 J$ \7 R1 c2 W+ |8 e+ U( q+ p8 ^5 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 z. E# P/ _7 A# v6 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃" G' E0 B9 m5 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 i, H( M$ g1 M p
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1 m8 z, x8 I/ P$ z( W9 a# J$ X2 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”# f! ^) o% J! w* |" ?, {+ y4 U
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6 J& }; D$ I% B/ W2 k; Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。5 a, }3 n' d+ {9 l% j
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& M+ O! y i9 C3 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。! H9 i1 M$ J/ c5 R$ {) b0 omso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ [" C" V3 s4 g7 n8 C4 g" w$ G+ Q
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2 S# A; M: i9 ~9 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于 D" l) H; S! K0 r; fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 j, G# _1 B! g. I
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# Z- ~' a1 L X" vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓9 ^6 B5 u& G1 Z' W/ n$ n! c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓$ \4 y$ v+ l+ I$ Z+ `
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% ^. X* G% t$ e8 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观1 G+ G! Q* a) Q1 @& |* `0 p4 w, lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( ^) P( d* Q6 ?6 g1 o) rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( m# ?! @1 w# V( I) T& Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓; @0 `* O2 B1 z, o O; y f# T+ [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 u1 j4 ]+ g, S! ]9 _ ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 Y) _ |8 Z- M# a6 q2 `/ c; n* l
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( o- q8 V( \; W: z: | @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓% b6 T0 N" i9 W7 x. W. p. ]) m, g* N) omso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 z$ M; @# F8 F4 Z+ c' gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 p; D7 P; i# ^ p
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8 G! W4 ~. t& s6 X/ c, imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼! Y( i$ y7 |9 p4 @2 j* X& _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤1 x0 s, H& v0 g) K: Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: v. l" a0 d$ @0 A# O7 C* A! gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 q7 K% }+ v i4 \! l
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语% g, Z! V+ {6 g. Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">., v2 ^& l( ]. V( l% @" I3 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- G9 _1 `* j" @; w8 |0 E* ]/ X6 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能' ?' r; L* g" k' l+ }8 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& M! j/ s0 }7 ? h4 w) N
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1 {; }3 ], n) T+ v$ kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人3 Q S3 r1 i& k8 S" zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 x9 c6 D, Q$ D7 D% O1 T: ?! z8 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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2 s% |7 G1 l6 B4 t& n. K/ Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。3 o7 l* N& N4 L2 }+ ~0 }5 T
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d2 F, L9 E5 Z/ f0 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。: j2 M) G- {( `( s
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$ j/ L# ?$ \( q% T# Y# VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理6 o' w7 V. {4 s0pt"> 9 J# M# D' d2 J- e8 C
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。9 K4 L' O# u; e: F5 T6 z6 d
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
