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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： . ]6 c8 n, l& O8 M- p7 Vmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: C, T+ x1 H! i- d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第' i$ C, ~/ q9 V4 y) @, `mso-font-kerning:0pt">1& g4 |3 O" y- Y0 L, E
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5 {7 W- J6 D! s6 l9 s7 W3 t) amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：5 @6 R# A. a2 n: J& q+ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 |' U* u, ~' C G9 u' lmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：/ t) M; b( x; E# K9 i+ w; F2 M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。0 ] ?8 z( n* S$ }+ s$ Jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。5 S- _0 B) {* z0 H1 M1 k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。0 M3 z4 p1 Y+ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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8 Y( P) U/ W. n2 j6 c. b' w0 hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。! q2 M5 ~8 M& a+ y/ Z3 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" m% V; w+ I- ~/ t" F4 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 f/ u$ M Q8 G8 B1 I
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+ a- X) @7 X2 l* U- R& H$ N/ P& \' wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢 [( z2 L6 a5 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ K9 v2 n k! B! c. F! T6 P, e, Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。& ^* p1 o( t. m ~7 E2 t7 \! V+ ~- |, x5 I) }
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0 j }2 N) A6 ^, @9 t t7 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白8 A# f4 U& H) |4 O4 s6 I0 ~0 bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> . f F0 G6 M" k: H! b, B; [
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/ r# t1 E0 L- T" ^6 z u5 S7 A+ gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学4 A) z+ j) N9 O6 ?7 J3 K4 j, x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么, w3 x, E" A% X/ y2 v+ Amso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 x5 F$ x9 p7 d" d
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+ u) G- ]! ]6 L' k7 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？3 B R" m* B' w- T( i
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* i# p H* O L2 i5 R- k6 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说. Q) C2 F/ Q ~/ c: Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! r( K. l, R$ l5 E# H6 a& s( c
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊% _3 r5 [4 ~ S% W# qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' G; a! a9 ]) q0 ?) h4 p: F
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& ?1 K5 d( x$ _- x: d( A; p6 j( T% STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚* {( n6 o$ i _! x0 o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！( j% ]5 `6 G/ A# }: f& l1 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " C; Y/ `( j& ?# ^
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$ P8 ?5 K2 g8 \* j1 B6 j% qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假4 F% G N; \- Q' R% X/ m0 n
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' h- ?$ U/ B6 S& d. Z# ]' v/ E |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是8 B4 n# l* v' o: Y! Z5 }) _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 j L6 E" J2 j: dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' A, k( q; c; N9 k- C3 Q2 `
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0 a; _7 X5 d* W B% Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。" k, D# g) X4 _6 a! a( Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 T1 U6 O. D4 }+ Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 V* a: _# s- c4 V* H% b1 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴$ z% F9 F9 ]( f6 G" m; o- S
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3 W1 y, l4 Q/ kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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