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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： : J% T' c5 q! b0 U0 B5 t
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3 J' O0 {' q/ N2 n/ a' ~# n- M' MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) o* X! g$ D: e2 z" F8 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">1" g! p1 A6 D4 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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2 b( ~4 u0 k6 e$ g$ Z* _mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：+ }& k! M; B" |5 L! B+ c( W7 Y7 X- q
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/ O2 s* |( ? Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( |) A" e4 y7 E: z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。( n+ I( U( V' \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& g% p0 j, ~( Q0 T: e$ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 c& t% T' h+ o6 a& V/ y$ o/ Q: B- Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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: J# H0 W- K7 `$ F6 n' q, Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？; b' ^1 J& p, H, E) V2 icolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 J: Q' m6 y& H3 X9 ]7 j/ FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。7 N5 [# C- ^2 g9 E7 L* S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢# d# P8 w# z9 d7 V5 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服9 V, P5 \/ H L7 p0 u n- \2 V
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3 {; p$ X1 Q" y6 F" _+ pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。# q' \ w0 R* D' u3 M umso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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0 C: P) k2 G/ y/ |" S2 ^5 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新% x7 i j L7 Q. |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> + T+ U& _- [/ R9 ~# h s" T
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7 f6 g8 f" d; n7 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白2 I) h& O5 z6 m% Q5 J. L. [4 l3 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学. l& s) o- k9 C4 e2 I) e# p
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% T) n4 O. s- ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么* [- A, s2 \' @1 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 O+ V+ x9 k8 W9 [8 J5 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
U. f0 p- l4 T+ K* }! \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？1 B% N" Z( ^4 i3 Y; Z3 t2 A+ o( |mso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 c1 R, m0 w8 y: K6 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% I. [# Z: U# Q" k7 W# t2 M& Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。. F! _4 O8 l" Y$ \% G8 {
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3 d" n5 W' C& R0 R* V$ M. H3 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”' J5 K5 E% h. Z) n% q
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l8 k3 @9 `4 P4 m2 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说' ]5 _6 Z' N9 v3 H+ Q$ z
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[( y5 {1 h9 D+ f; n( s$ ?( |mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊. [, k* W) ~$ Y2 I9 c. lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' H, N' U8 x) D* WTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：8 i& I, ~* S. r0pt"> 1 Y9 Z' \9 Y" j( _
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! J9 ~" A8 S8 {' Z0 H" STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚: H( f. k _* `6 H. emso-font-kerning:0pt"> - }0 d7 `$ b6 e) y
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H* b' Z4 H ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！* W" O: v& D+ w+ [# w# l4 V+ j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假* H: n+ H% w* ^. Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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p0 @6 _0 c" Y+ B/ Q, o* KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是0 q( v; s4 F8 d7 K& u; q' X9 [
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2 r7 H3 [; I1 l% ^* J* W9 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题! E" I* Q* }- Y3 Q Q# b- z5 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”% z$ k9 f+ ^1 p: ^3 J9 w) g7 f# ~0 _/ B3 Z
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& `2 f X8 _2 M7 U1 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。- J: I6 _+ W7 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴0 |: g( x2 S& @& a- {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 C1 g) R. ~" p" A2 O; Y6 E Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 w0 R0 [0 t5 q1 w' [9 z" x& Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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