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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 5 y% P. f5 n8 | a* imso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:, f7 m5 @, M0 k' g: l, R
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9 R4 q3 _* Q' V" H/ y- B# n! A$ WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 @' _. @2 s- }
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5 i/ R$ m$ k1 y, Omso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( ~: {8 m1 x7 o8 z( \. R" u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。( x7 s' @, U' [; Q% d! {3 J) u
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7 q3 z% U4 x7 h( g' G: Y! }- D. wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：. M/ h C/ O* p% B F
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+ p" k) o3 _9 k5 e; ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。/ E5 `& ?$ @1 R% F5 ~! n
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* A* b5 C" _2 a# E: hmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？, x2 z1 ~" Z& a2 A6 G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. w, |4 ]3 b9 g" K- ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 t9 c6 L7 g: T6 Z* kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服, s5 p& Z9 }/ H% k8 @% Z& i- [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新2 ~5 R4 H: S7 _
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- P( Z1 D- U8 e; ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白' c* j" b$ A$ p& @1 I: s8 f
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6 o) R) J" h5 _* A3 e% P: U* n9 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学- c- k! w. |' j: f" z3 _, }mso-font-kerning:0pt"> D2 F$ D6 x9 E" S, V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？+ @- s: H, u1 M x' }. A, l4 t/ m) Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 o/ @* y. j' u+ I; b) Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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9 Z4 {/ B) Y/ cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说; v+ J1 q, A: \mso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 U# Z4 z8 J" A8 A0 D1 G" Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚) z- A/ e- r* i1 T& }
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% [& k9 }5 ` n9 C3 p5 N$ V8 |8 WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！: G# @% D3 t! Z) R6 |* ?mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 W' B7 ~$ ]( J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假/ o( B7 [: ~7 R9 E0 g4 T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是( ` ?, t1 ?. \7 j
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+ U9 ?+ m, f/ @. e+ R( Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题& K9 `7 Y1 W2 u/ g1 B8 v( Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 M! T$ @7 b/ [, S. Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 C R1 A5 H8 {$ @# c, wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。! h: @; h1 }, Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- `+ J0 E, _ n& P4 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 ?3 Q+ M9 Y/ j. \& R, H/ Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴0 ~0 G$ T0 d+ U& Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”* }: X* y/ n, {8 [' C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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