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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 4 O- ^: F$ e* f2 r' H0 r* f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 _8 L& R/ |* a! g
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6 {4 ?# F; H- q1 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。1 G' _: j- g: V9 x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。7 o& H& w( s7 B
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u. {( Y" t" N! m- _6 I8 s! b% emso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。5 h1 ~# |9 H" X( `; t' m' u1 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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0 Z7 }6 \) _; {7 J# ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。/ y8 ]0 M* \6 p& {2 i3 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 j7 h6 M& \( Z3 | \* Q- RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服- r3 Z, R Z8 u3 x, v6 m0 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> / a6 F: a! M4 g1 i' c& I- g5 J8 F
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, J4 h1 Z9 @ b- F2 _0 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢& G8 N2 }! F* p# O c' N7 }8 v4 V5 `$ pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! w' W: R! W1 F$ E, L8 j
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2 R P. O, Q3 o1 v+ MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白8 w" e7 Y4 l. c5 y/ H4 b
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$ v8 P$ z+ R, [. @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学. m! A& [- X; x0 t3 H2 k$ ~( B
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{- |& P, w+ |; }* n# h! Z0 N7 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？- T( h; F0 a" g2 q0 J9 v8 D& C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”( d6 L9 V' Q- e- u' A
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/ d: B X g% |4 s$ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说/ {" s" v+ N* D9 @/ P
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5 @+ Y, z* h$ ?2 smso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊) n9 n0 [7 M- v& \) ~5 r8 p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚. \, A; t- D9 p0 I/ F0 Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！ J. ~& y" r& O: W K$ t; i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: `( f7 X: N/ l0 b6 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题5 M# p8 D9 `, Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( \2 \7 K1 O6 K; o; K4 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- z; c" _# w# t. ~/ M$ u9 K" ^/ \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。3 e$ W4 Y! v& M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴) z8 X' a' N( n6 u: ?
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( c4 Z8 e* Q$ T, i4 K; W' Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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