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+ X% w/ ?0 O( P' GTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网3 u1 j6 @1 n) a/ mmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ3 R6 p9 I9 ]% @" I7 S
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; }1 h( Z6 ^2 G+ g& Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。" p; [$ [% f8 |, A3 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ r8 @7 j9 |9 _! T$ j5 I
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* Q) U- n8 G K6 H: `) H- qmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：7 f* I& ~" I, I8 f/ B6 \1 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 |# h! f6 F- f4 f+ O c* g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。! u5 P& {! r& ?* W/ a- j* wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ h5 }# X; @6 o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：( V7 J0 j8 h# `$ U' X# C9 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ q6 h) k+ o, o( l* `3 e, h* vmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;' }" l+ n9 q$ _1 x/ [% u* l
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。7 t9 ]6 X9 k' b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：" h# B* m- A2 V. I# a, m3 {3 A
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4 }! q9 f9 a) r2 f6 r. a" omso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？9 Z% B# ~7 g; x) S2 |2 W3 f- M' c
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# q3 z) y( J1 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! B. k" q1 ~9 V/ V# b& i' L" x1 c
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。7 F6 V, [4 M1 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：1 u4 r! T) ~2 W" J, _1 G10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" i9 m9 ?+ i; ] S) m! ~mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
2 }6 O2 O* W, x' Omso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。7 q/ P# ]+ o& Y# y* \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说： h7 O+ Z5 {4 o7 ^+ A% R
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。' w1 E0 y6 o$ S! ~$ b$ R4 _) \' L' e% X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：/ B( p4 ~3 S9 {$ r" bmso-font-kerning:0pt">", B( J# S3 T; l4 S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢1 W" u% L" T* r0 J8 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" $ r5 G5 x$ A7 k- b: `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# P- q: L# G4 U" b, V/ }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：9 b. W k- f( v* L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。) a+ u6 b" O5 [. Y+ [
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}* Y( k8 P. H" }; U# Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是+ j0 H- S- V% ~6 j10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; c7 p+ s+ `1 _5 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- [0 G/ {; v& y* \
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( ?" D; H% ?* I6 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得1 L9 T# g8 `+ m* }% q
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3 D0 h+ \2 H9 m9 _- Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违7 B; \9 x/ Q, W3 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”: s% {; y3 U+ C8 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' J! @. K3 `& f* m% dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲4 K/ x+ z' V8 F; H
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! A* f- K7 a6 T B0 q9 G- ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，1 F" q! X8 [1 |7 c4 n2 Y4 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( T( Z% g# u; X, j& R7 E) `
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2 X: q+ L* |+ b- Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: F& q6 v8 X, M9 D9 p
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8 p9 l, x: D, M' W: I( `; S0 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。1 P. \4 C C6 h" \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! ]4 I( ?9 P8 d: }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？1 P/ _8 I7 q7 [1 p5 x10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 Q8 r" v x3 x( w9 umso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。) w# D( h2 E. l( R% B1 M$ _. C
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! {* P4 A9 D, i" }! G1 v- wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义. U3 C2 a* u: t; p' |' e* _; Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% l! y$ n9 H$ h( tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！& w: _% Z: X1 Z) i. Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——" z9 n/ U2 s+ h" P+ `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) J7 z1 p5 `* g: J" M8 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。: g x( h) ^! f& ^3 i" V) w
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' g2 j7 G6 h5 Z, A5 c+ j* U4 ?1 N( \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述& P; d! s8 h& N' gmso-font-kerning:0pt">2# x" |! n/ P6 S3 U" wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. C9 ~) H7 t' x0 j1 t+ e; _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊5 z& K+ \; i6 L& j# l, omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: v$ y5 L* N3 ~% d7 t' RTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乃群：- O' a. A. S3 R# {1 A6 [0pt">
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+ p( p$ w) v; S4 Q/ D! n9 H oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。$ V3 _- \$ O6 y1 `/ N: ]; l
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孝经
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, H7 f5 d7 F5 v& l) ?. F% KTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：( ^: M8 h+ Q; I8 m1 B+ i) ?
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; p2 a$ F1 I4 @" V# s( ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。/ o: F5 s5 t3 g, c$ D5 ~
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 ]3 m( D/ Y" T) B: ]& ]. gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, H l" K0 C) \1 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。& X6 g2 J! `, _2 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 _1 I+ n/ P8 i/ U/ V% E' B; r: vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: e$ T3 j3 U( U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：( Y( p0 z8 V) N* _( r! t
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4 B5 G) [: K: }3 Q" X6 j- imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。# S9 @2 W& v2 H) T$ X, T
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6 L6 k( o; E3 N6 P5 D% Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个! _' z9 F0 i% V9 Z7 V4 d& hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: `7 V, X/ Z! S( N8 ?4 T9 \5 T, r
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3 H1 ]2 \+ J0 G9 F/ W4 _% h/ Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬' ^' O' Z2 P& M9 V1 ?0 amso-font-kerning:0pt">”# a# a$ v! i. r: _) Z4 e
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; i l; v& K* c! w& j" d( Y1 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: [8 ?3 L& O$ j: r' b
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4 k! l+ R9 W0 l+ z; Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道 e6 y7 t0 e- b8 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。$ y g% X' t' C: `8 |& | A% _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的 c0 s0 _ s9 G* x
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1 d* @. @2 _( Q8 b! O2 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思 [. t, ]$ ~' p; C
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