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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网' T2 l: v1 [' H8 W: v
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; N$ N1 H, p+ J# q4 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。' G7 @0 @ r5 }$ U, }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; R& m$ D, t* Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：; `1 k& C4 l+ H( A" e& a5 o' Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. Y4 q8 V$ E+ x$ `+ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">5. F C: F; J& }7 `" V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：! Z# D, }* s: k a1 N) Z. t) Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' _ K1 w! o2 C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。' i$ m; ?% `" a# M6 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 T6 B7 F% T' k5 Lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
7 ~" p1 F- N* |' jmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：. ~# T7 @* X3 C: T7 ?- ^
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。5 W0 n; @$ b2 v' L0 z. |color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 @* W5 ]. }$ B |3 O b7 `4 JTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
/ c1 o# s9 Q6 K* m+ R+ i j [mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：" x4 V- t" }/ ~% M. x9 m: B& c; qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 C1 |) K1 H* _% @5 l) @5 _9 lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;- M! n+ N q# H
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？5 a ^ K$ j1 ?$ k+ bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ V3 h4 n9 N* G! ?1 Wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
5 Z$ H9 u! V/ l8 w8 r5 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. k' m6 u& n0 h8 L+ y& J8 x! @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' a ?: [ L7 z( L3 lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;0 P$ p, U3 v! ]! g
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。1 t" C5 \- P' lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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+ D# f1 {+ ]% B; H. Q1 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。# I2 B+ t3 }( s7 j+ I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：3 i9 N( d9 J6 i6 y6 k2 P; v" s" G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。1 z, x4 k. {# m! n& w1 C6 ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：+ p8 J6 \! Z- K0pt">"1 K7 P W; C; j+ zmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:& d/ o5 _2 w) e) n4 y% j: K' ?9 s
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。0 V" e- }* o7 e) {: r% p5 k
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* `) L7 X# N9 [$ s+ _2 ]/ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢# F$ l; E/ j! [- ~! Q y" kmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 1 e7 ~# ^* h# |# K1 l) m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 y- @1 P. z9 }- q# B& ^+ p" i0 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。) t5 T5 ?8 G$ ^
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$ y# {; a6 ^' a1 e+ smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是8 }4 P( ]5 ?/ c, u8 N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得3 k# @' s% P2 K% h( Z: N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲* q# E w# m+ W8 p( q+ \ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 } }0 z+ b( m I
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5 S& E, o- U* Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，& r- f# G; O0 c& s& Z8 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“. c5 a; Q3 `9 J; F9 d! l2 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 G2 H2 w; B" T, K* v
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. Q0 V! L3 i7 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( Y, Y. b0 k8 x3 K; Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& N- o$ ^9 P* t& \$ J8 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。# ` O% ~* W) L1 j6 @
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' D* f- W; K' r5 c4 [2 S. o6 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？. H, s- N3 w" b! n. M
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! i' T0 V" ?- u; Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。, ~; r" C$ f: I o" `- ?0 G' r% a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义% Q$ w0 ]* N Z- x. @. p k2 }8 K
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/ _4 o j+ C% N) T! UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！4 @9 b8 h1 n* n5 J4 ]8 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# p1 ?3 m$ ]7 x' V j6 F) {
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6 P; X3 J0 k b2 d9 D/ r, fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。9 ? K' m( {4 u0 ^. E* X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述& q* {/ v# G/ Z5 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">2! P1 `" h! q0 z! B% S3 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
[% ^" Q8 w H5 e) Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊( {! z- g- |$ W; T8 |% omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 E0 z2 L D5 ?+ d1 e6 G! D$ u4 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。 w. [8 v S, M( emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。6 o1 w1 d& F9 z! X) V7 W$ c( s
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: u+ R0 c) y gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 }8 o$ X5 v1 b
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+ ^" ~7 j& q* d" ]: k {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：7 }) s8 z( ~ C7 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 z; J$ n |0 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 g6 W1 c) Y1 ` f* a& V5 i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。5 u! J9 D7 n5 \$ a$ M+ Z9 N9 S. o6 U
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* O) a/ T1 k; H5 L- x$ A5 J5 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个/ A8 D. Z# b" M( c5 o9 ^' F
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* v+ O6 \. y7 i1 m# T! a! _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬* V7 p6 Z% ^2 ^1 l. O
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! G4 ^1 X* v5 ~; h0 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为2 I: L) `3 t( B) D3 t$ Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 w: p0 Y4 _ E6 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, F! a# Y+ a- {& w8 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道: |; v* {& I0 W7 R( h& t$ d0 [
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3 z {( V3 q imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。% C$ Y3 Z. b$ k: M8 S* q! o, |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的& X+ _; C8 o2 b' ?
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$ m+ P0 D$ ^& }( j, Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思! h9 P# r5 @' j3 W
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