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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 w, b( E# r0 E! V$ hmso-font-kerning:0pt">27 K( W; e# c0 i) w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：" a ^' u0 O: N( [! |mso-font-kerning:0pt">"( M: N. ?0 `" @% D! n: z2 t
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, F% i1 A! b8 c' m( P. r1 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。) b; }( p7 ~! [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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1 n9 y& r9 C' E* H! M) X uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。$ E3 ], e$ _* ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 o- H$ w- \& E0 z% I
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; B7 \6 R! l& r, R5 }4 P3 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">蔽* K) p' H3 z% p$ W6 h' n1 X: a$ q
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7 k9 Q% x" ^* a, xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经2 t/ a) R9 q2 ?5 Y5 t! O1 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">•' d3 I7 U6 [8 J1 G6 v9 u/ `9 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 Z/ C- s/ f! Y3 ]% U. k& `
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+ ?8 n4 [- B( M8 Q/ Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。% h* a: l6 H0 X8 m( |: i: u% g: d
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2 d g4 r) ?* Q" {$ CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" b1 P$ R' g- \: L% c6 ~4 _' g0pt">“3 { X5 n4 X' }5 H: }7 |Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;6 n, e6 p1 j) _; [% u
mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是8 c: A4 ?3 G- G( A" i0 ~0pt">‘9 {( C5 W5 `2 [- W" h: q( iTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;2 `% |! \. [3 C
mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。/ |% y% T V/ F- ?9 @ A2 ^. P0 a10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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9 o% `; o. \& l, kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？, Y# Q" v) t J7 u* C5 @0pt">
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7 n4 a1 p' R: V% sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，9 ^0 \( _5 r" N; X1 X6 O `5 h7 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 ^: A$ s' z4 `3 [) E. T0 {8 b0 P
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% n2 f- ~# U1 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。' B: `5 _' D8 _5 b* |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐& [0 {) c& o$ s. P. k10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( u$ e0 F$ C" r/ H: u6 e X$ _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种; r% l7 Y% S: I3 K% g1 a
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1 r2 v, {# [: p$ p! Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的3 z2 G: L5 c( K! z0 z4 l( B( ]4 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“# c5 q# | E5 K: j# \9 H
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8 R! Z8 D; f' v8 o; n: mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐, N! \0 L' y+ q$ S, }
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# P+ Q3 w/ v- J5 O% D: Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，! ?7 @/ X& Q* gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! c" x' v% I J J
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7 `& ?1 M8 q ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。( J2 y$ ^4 E# j4 G5 b5 |; u$ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' E- q. }9 ~% C* ?; T3 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌6 p/ [" Y4 i( _; \$ _% Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">3059 E+ z4 L& I5 ~, Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! H2 w7 k5 t$ Q* P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：. `2 u! f3 C" I, i/ r* @
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! y1 P) Q2 G9 }: A# l8 `9 E5 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。% w5 ^/ o U5 i+ o. L. y% a+ j, o: L1 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 Q& c5 H# R6 q9 J7 p3 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语& P, s G+ E' k) i
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, P* k+ O; T9 U/ }- hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）# h* w! m! l4 U: a L3 G( R
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; r9 D: {6 T K/ n; t) Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。# k: X0 m+ z2 G! f: d" t7 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过( L# T4 l0 W( g, N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人 q u" A Z' R8 _( J8 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 H! ?0 w- v/ ~( p, J
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$ c6 c0 h7 a& Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。* z$ C$ E! Q6 n6 g1 }
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: C* P0 x8 I& e! q. {# GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。4 J. V: k* x% m+ s# z
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6 O8 |' \$ B5 W7 j: x) vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。; L" R8 |' r0 A8 M2 [: V U% z
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9 W" b: S4 P8 A e3 N% r# GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。6 Q; }) a( s- N Smso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 q) C5 y" T" u- I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”- k" y1 X* q3 w. ?+ }mso-font-kerning:0pt">——" N: U( X" i/ T8 @) x# _) P8 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 t' u$ n, e3 @& g% H$ @7 w
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。" b( p) i& U: k l- T' D! [
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1 m' W! C& F* }6 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。- N: D7 k" R& A6 P! cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ V+ ~2 E) O3 z' o, o1 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. J8 i% x% _ |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于: e5 ~) `6 X, F; R* v+ i) C6 W. W1 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观/ F2 K2 F; k! h& Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓* D6 u. b2 ]& Z% ?4 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; D& o1 Z! ?. v: q b& V( r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓8 J+ \- b4 N( d% `0 M# hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 n3 F: Z9 a. F4 m0 j% m# efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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* \& n; \! M6 ?. qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓/ X/ c; F4 z+ M7 p) C: V) @6 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 C( N3 z q/ u _ n6 X5 H* ^. b9 e- M
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! c! @; ]" t& u. dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓) ]) l O& S! Z% [. N6 z/ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" U; s5 v% V$ W) l7 A* F1 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼: M& I5 T8 }( {. i4 E, S
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& N2 _- H8 ], s/ V8 }- \7 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能8 l, W S+ |8 n5 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 e8 N& r& [# z ]% V+ f2 L2 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人) O" u! W+ c; r5 c l- K$ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 G# _8 z8 I9 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) k3 l0 Q7 S4 n2 \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。8 q0 Z% f; S6 O9 m8 t3 }0 s: @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。4 S9 G, j% F- j5 xmso-font-kerning:0pt"> t7 q, X% p; X3 x
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+ P5 L, n' N7 M% gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
