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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 J0 z$ G9 Z0 q, m; vmso-font-kerning:0pt">20 P w" |; I3 Z! S& ?1 u Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: F) o0 S, |$ r+ N: c8 c3 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：! S! N" I; B; q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。! W2 I; B# O5 [( ?# Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。6 k% V+ O/ X+ |, L: n" C3 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 K- a5 P* l8 k! U, W% i* ~
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- m+ C, A- I8 q! P3 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经% e$ C$ u& R* k3 c7 i, ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">•2 e4 q% `& v4 l( pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。2 C# W8 u" N4 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. _2 W- P5 B% D9 d9 V) r# `4 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是- m, T1 n6 z6 Y% J A& K8 }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？" N# w% g+ V9 z, `5 N( ~
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) n. }4 q" W/ {1 L( ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，2 U7 Y1 Q9 a7 U# c; n- P! Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 t9 |6 k, t, ?/ l! ?, r1 J. mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。# s$ C" U) |* M% h4 p# k6 U
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0 Z1 ] K( z8 o2 d' t& ^5 z$ j5 ^7 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语- z5 I" T) h: B( w3 ?" m# X2 w h10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">•. |- c0 k) Q0 ^; n/ }0 zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;5 b3 b) s6 Z$ T( ^! @, J; k
mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种- d: _8 G8 \% @2 o& q, zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 \7 y! n# p0 j2 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ l7 [; U* B& y! @" a( {' zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">立- u) Y. |1 H* L6 u) F# _; Q% G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的% E6 H G" k9 W6 @2 V0 |
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' @! U4 W1 S K" }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，3 r4 {& k5 ]( T5 x, w7 y1 |$ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“& k0 ^6 B5 |. efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。8 z& z3 p) B8 i3 x% D) z6 P8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 P( i: z+ c: p( uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌9 I: h0 U8 v" V
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9 G: W; U- ^, t" Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：2 D' l" A1 {* B4 R: S1 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》） m9 S! Z1 V* ^& X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。5 q! ?* S4 m. K, g5 k4 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">” e! }2 I7 N& I) C* [1 D6 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过- G9 h. `+ B9 I7 N5 X; x2 ~/ Z
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' T8 I6 B6 Y5 p9 n# F/ Q4 s7 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨4 q; ~' Z' S: x0 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”% f" F( t- n9 G% g5 W/ [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人" T+ c! |' A% Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" ^0 U+ H& l7 j
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n, G# W; R' _: z9 _/ x, Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。8 M; k5 ?- X2 O+ \/ }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。5 a! P& b* D7 s- n7 n2 f) L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。: x! Q4 A0 R8 z+ v( ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ T* \. x2 o0 j9 r5 l6 B
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' @, C' J* Q/ d7 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”( o7 S8 c! D' d2 Q
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& J2 H2 g- C6 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。# ]8 @! k# }- W% ^" gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> , W( p7 a, d/ Q7 w0 z9 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。$ a! p1 c, {# e! v" ^% [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于2 y9 ?! ?8 e0 L( f2 t; m; T. k( P
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. o$ S% F5 B L, v: M( K! W$ Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观8 v. E! ` D+ ^7 ~
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$ f4 H }; E! I, M& F* hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群1 s% _& v( ]+ F- d, [7 h* Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! g1 m8 C) A) H5 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 m' \- e5 e- n- ]- g+ J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨* @$ _% D- Y0 K j! K7 n% D
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3 Z2 G" x$ l& T' _# y2 d1 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓7 R1 O' U! B" A+ a: N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">” e2 \' t( W3 R: X( efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 G9 w) Z" Y2 ~& z, P( {" [% cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓, k* M$ p+ i1 }* o1 Q* v' \1 M
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% N6 n [) K* w G6 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观 s8 @% \* x' ]3 J( a3 }% f0 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 `1 I2 P( I# [% ]$ yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ k) \6 q" e0 F" v- h8 m! x) G, O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓' |; g8 S- h3 ]* P% [# S) h
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. k8 L( x; R4 x9 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群! ] ]; `( y+ {9 c' B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓7 a# G* W* \/ H3 `8 j9 M) h6 S
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) Y8 K6 Q( |$ D1 j1 i7 y. Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨9 [0 M' _. N, ], W- t" z4 c$ c9 n/ X; Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 C4 K- W" v8 }+ |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( ^$ E* K9 \ lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼8 L& P! s; }3 p6 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 ?0 \# \% S$ H9 [4 M6 y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; G# K. X$ C! p- K) U' o8 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤6 k6 Z. ?3 J; Q6 `) S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语& U# U1 O9 l- G' L7 Y0 i2 L
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. L" f& J+ T! [ M$ Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能 u. U- [0 p* B1 H
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% u5 T$ `+ K% P% M$ Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹/ n3 z" ]& s6 Y0 B0 `0 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">.8 O% Y1 `$ P4 `4 i! Y; vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ t$ _4 O- f' w" s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人9 S* A* G! d0 I# t* w& @3 s0 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 ?* e' m! e7 A9 ?
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! K2 S5 E: f8 H$ ?& Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪) ^. N* j M8 k+ l; |+ C+ w, q6 U) A
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0 l- @- P, C3 o, M6 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 e7 y# ~: M2 I' ~7 G) ~0 m1 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">.% J3 i. z6 g% Z+ s: m0 ^0 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! S, {# O; a. Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。 C8 w! j1 j7 P2 l+ g1 l. {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。* ~# n. x% K' F t, I C
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。. E& \5 r4 ^8 H( Q5 J' x6 _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧6 t8 J( s% `& q4 Z0 p, Q$ k Qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + g, d1 m: q( ] w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等- u- x! f L h. m5 ]# ]: }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
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300x180 AD
