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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 c6 E# m9 T+ J7 ^/ M% `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。9 t' X, K9 m( V I; Y, {
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; B, ?* m. g; g3 _$ h- NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。0 ~9 X- ~9 r( x- Y; o5 }
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# m8 {6 {7 V, q! y, Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经( \3 Q" q' t6 J" }$ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">•7 m8 p' ^( C1 |1 o) _+ ?6 ?) ? dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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* b& K/ `& w) smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。3 H- Y# V. v) C7 P) v! T
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0 _! B9 t# F4 a- c" a3 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 M" x& T2 O$ |2 X0 l
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- W# e# L( k/ Z; D: q+ N( LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？' H7 }- B1 q% R& }3 ^0pt">
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, W) R: J9 l6 A2 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，$ @9 _! v0 {+ v/ t8 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。( W# y, R$ W0 S
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3 z* k$ L( O5 x6 y, d, B/ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐8 {. ~5 P& i' z1 A: V3 L' J
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种' F9 l* W! r% j1 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 w% ?4 U+ d, i* X/ j
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" V# ~0 X2 u: }( d5 G! B0 I$ M# }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的0 G6 T) t# O) @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 H! M, j9 n0 j% I' t& S/ Y+ bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，4 R) t; H. w3 W ]* {% @3 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。9 A% m# P0 |$ C$ R' S( E: B, F
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7 _& D! Y. F" z* N& ~( l9 XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌; n! K d4 u9 Z& K' B" z' omso-font-kerning:0pt">3057 w( S( O$ e, T: }/ |5 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" I7 P2 {3 _, D o$ w! b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视) R C9 c: w) o4 S m5 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗. u" ~$ X; t' U7 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) s) |. q# g1 G. ^3 R r- Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% L: G% u ^$ O: F; I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：: A4 D$ e( n( k3 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 r/ l* l2 _: s" w
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) w9 ^) x2 x* T' }/ l5 |" _( Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。4 S4 {% S: v/ O& W5 @* v8 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- V. z5 B% H1 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语) J- T. J& o! E) I6 z
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' J2 T. @7 s7 Y3 `* x- }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》） b: V& V `/ {1 A' d; i5 L0 d bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 M. V7 _! }9 m9 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 {' E0 V& d0 @2 ^+ Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。8 ?' K+ F( O4 imso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 s d. D. k2 t6 S- Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) d7 R# y! q! q0 C+ X( vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语% h* ^2 @0 E, H* \5 h( [mso-font-kerning:0pt">•: b& R' j `8 I5 \2 j, ~$ hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. Z: K# d+ [* i0 ]& o9 }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过& k3 c! i0 h8 l1 E: a% r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨* Y. R$ s1 z3 J! L
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. Z0 P, q' D' Z$ Y$ jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人+ y/ H, B, x; w, e+ M3 A; qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# r8 ^0 f/ g1 ?. F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。$ d; |0 x% a9 u# H( {$ N. P( ~$ s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。0 _) i0 U3 y4 [9 |" Y
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) A" ?- ~: B' `& [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。8 `; U: {1 p' \, x0 j9 I9 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' C+ Z0 M, X# s/ c/ \, ]" t! O
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6 {/ y) m3 i$ T( l$ Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”9 a D m$ e. J4 E0 l* ?0 i& s, y0 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">——& K% Z) o, I; B9 l- i) [0 }: N, J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。% x0 ~$ q) X2 ~1 i( `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) o% ]3 A, c5 Q' {5 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。5 ?: N" Q" j4 q& J' S7 \* K" a# U! Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 ^& [, f( t0 [8 J# g2 @0 B: O- Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" ~! Y5 w) Q7 U0 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于3 V* f+ }/ A" H6 g! A+ T
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8 W* n! E2 p) _/ k# V/ ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群) U7 r! l9 m: G% n. Q! U: hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ S- Y* [7 l& F
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' F6 Z0 o2 G+ U4 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨; C& L5 x: _+ d6 U( S) i* omso-font-kerning:0pt">”* A% I& T9 @9 m
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( L! H1 U0 G6 o$ R! X6 h, Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓6 D2 c. q0 j# r+ O& S* N7 r/ pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 Q% @9 J4 h1 j0 @! yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓8 l$ C9 E. Y" b$ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 r, ~* `* u+ c4 U- l& tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" R! M! ?- `9 F8 e0 R" n
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4 _3 P% G; V# A' p4 M+ S- p1 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓' V1 x, g( h7 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 N g3 l; H7 Q/ X; n. Z- `* jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* D6 C; e: ~: c( A) b& z' e' T* Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群1 b7 M1 T4 X" t* E! l
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- q$ B9 z$ c! O$ dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓- G! m6 a; G3 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ m# B) B, Q$ Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ V( W' K l- Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨4 T' N ~# `/ c' }( amso-font-kerning:0pt">”* s! r& Z% V* H# @/ z# O A$ afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: G" l& B, [3 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼4 U9 J- W( n2 E6 h1 \- _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 ~; q1 ~+ N! \$ v$ }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" ?7 O( J$ A8 ^# `+ X5 r* j9 |8 i( f* wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤) L9 N/ L1 B/ Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 r: g+ B; y: r8 b/ K4 n0 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 w- T% j, K pmso-font-kerning:0pt">.6 }5 N" t6 D! U/ r. \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能) U+ Q8 p, A' U7 \6 X. T) Q
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S$ y7 a4 R/ X0 l# H8 k3 G! U/ zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒, U. v/ B5 G- G6 l$ |! n* tmso-font-kerning:0pt">” q6 u. p: e& p2 F6 f, {+ r# p+ Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人. s8 u4 t. m' R% l9 a8 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。" I1 |7 x, ^+ u6 _/ f) J
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9 h% _' v( [& d, K( }* j0 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。1 o7 U- e' d) l" [mso-font-kerning:0pt">' V; E D: |. x- V- ^1 ]
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! g" z$ {: o4 s1 ?/ uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理/ Q7 ?6 ?1 g8 ` o. y0pt"> F" ^7 e( g( X7 x0 f: d
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5 u7 O$ I, q6 ]& QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。' p2 s6 u4 T7 p7 I% V: H% y1 z: Imso-font-kerning:0pt"> - [$ o. c( {1 ~- N+ O% v; X
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0 ~3 s5 t' h; j- w- G bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧! F. U9 O1 b0 x a8 t. [2 f Q
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8 p6 A: ?, r) H( X8 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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