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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, e/ X' ]0 M. x, N! [" N7 ^1 D
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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 2 r1 l! J% H# Y- e& O6 Z$ C+ I0 m4 E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,5 k5 v- E3 R) M- Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 V. _& J3 A$ Y"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 7 u* q, T$ a; p% g( H" j, {, S2 Y
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 6 V6 o6 E i/ J- B' o/ J% ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, ! j+ v& a* J; h/ m
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
) V2 z( a, R' R- G2 |: o# }5 r0 A) z3 d8 D* Kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ' y. E% B1 [5 h1 u
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 9 ^1 z( o! }0 r) Y6 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ K- u" u" V2 `% N
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 0 V1 [' _+ z$ f: ~0 F4 `0 B: @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 9 ?! T8 a% y( Q4 }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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' D9 M0 j s, x4 G3 H7 r. C& |# M"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 + l* r: A, t6 U `: h3 _: ~2 `, K
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/ G+ s Q4 c' f; D+ c7 omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, & U' `* k" t4 {( h2 s$ b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ " i8 s& p# R9 S- b9 k3 q d3 y( A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 0 O: f. K# I" |4 H. o: T/ J P. @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ ) Y6 ]- Y) B- c. Q4 H宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 5 P8 I( H4 ?! O4 K7 t3 ^7 }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 5 }" w' V5 }( u) f
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"Times New Roman"">前者为因, ! d0 j, |, K4 H F( `$ J' d4 k' N) Y
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 7 R8 p' P# F* } V2 H# C$ K: R( l- F0 i
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"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,0 C* ]) `6 p! Q, k
7 U! _( ^% F2 Y# umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 5 f+ j9 q+ I- Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, % E1 w! N0 ?7 C: p& k6 n9 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 C3 A0 m& G w; B7 _1 C( }8 a
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 7 P. V4 W1 P0 M0 q, q4 \# d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: + {+ ~# n! M0 J; i- [
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"Times New Roman"">“ 5 y, @1 K. o8 d2 m
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? : }. l6 w& S& E" C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” k; R! x; ~! g5 }# v+ f) R
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, ' y( ~/ p! D5 ~- X, h' C) Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! ~' u3 y' a6 r. M. t"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
7 B6 l- P3 S/ z6 G6 r5 B. L, _% H- I# @& u- omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 6 k8 r$ O' [3 K: t# P5 [
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,' V: ?) \5 s/ K7 a
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 1 u+ j. |# ^# m6 i7 h
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"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, * V( `& F$ ?3 f/ q/ R& u) l
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 " w0 Y4 o) I4 ? mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里* T' p+ n9 x! u8 s- j* D9 V, [, L+ pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 " ~8 g, i, p, Q0 s) B0 C" H
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(, C% p& d( Y& q- @宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), $ }* M2 B8 Z4 @, C6 [; x( pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 Y, M7 o& P0 R; a+ ]
"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用1 W$ I3 s2 x M12.0pt">, 2 f- J( f8 c* l6 L& X5 c6 |"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, ) P: g4 d8 J3 ~* e, ~3 J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# \! X2 s2 o* O4 j" ?) {) l0 Z
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, . p8 h* K1 p( F
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!1 G& r$ k; ]# R Y7 j, T5 O
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, m) v' W/ X7 j9 S' L3 a- Q1 r: O
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 d: `! G0 r/ Q( K0 z( i
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: ( {: G6 O: l# i9 N& _' ?/ v
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, ; K( s# \# Y1 |9 T7 J+ E) ^宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 8 m s5 x9 ~' c. Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: [( t1 X% J* R* N/ t6 i- f"Times New Roman"">“ 0 U: I Y$ p3 ]. o- i" [
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”- l0 e0 x4 L% z6 A: w. ]6 c& v1 H* G
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, + q7 n }2 \5 T: y+ P5 k! {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, , \ n% J# }3 t9 Q! g
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" W8 ~- D9 O+ X4 R, b6 C# a6 Y
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 3 b& e- X* \6 }9 R: Q) @" f
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 6 Z0 c: m# M' b, o. C! Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, ! O2 @" R; S, f1 N' f
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"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ % k; Y) M& }( B1 l1 Z3 Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” & }/ C. A. a+ C8 G9 C6 n3 a( e) c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,0 v+ d$ K- v; Y* T4 _ B
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 8 l/ J2 @. g) `. B+ ]( {' g
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$ L3 H0 q/ r4 @2 Q/ bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, . G/ M& z* H5 H
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, ) |. S3 S, M3 R- B9 Y2 ?
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"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
! K. @. c5 e: P9 Q- M, H' T# n( R2 u* m! t9 r# L
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, * L( n) V3 k/ O$ {5 A# ]5 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 N$ @6 k1 Z1 P& t* h1 T o"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章," X! u- e b6 O7 _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, ) Y+ Q0 B$ U& \' e5 E5 ?
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"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题/ ~9 L2 x& @0 j12.0pt">: 0 Y4 d$ N! q( _+ |4 n"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: . f% y: g c7 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 {6 K( b4 `1 d; O2 U"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才8 d- u" o. F8 X; f2 e C' ?
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ( M$ w) ?: \( rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ f% S$ s q8 T7 K7 p"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; : m; ]; o9 @9 {% E
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 1 q4 |# \# q7 P$ _8 {3 T
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, & Q, T/ y) c4 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: G5 E- y, ^5 Y# B2 G8 s
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题5 j& d$ P: o3 r12.0pt">; 2 v$ P& E" v, P, V"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, + f& J* Y4 L; m5 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 c6 y( I; G8 j' o+ V2 Q3 ]( G7 f"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求/ \: K" C- Y! E& c. I o3 T
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; # } T1 F' H* q9 _% W3 W2 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* } t; q6 [. e$ J9 Y% S V"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, . D9 J( @1 z, ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, # m. W% t% \0 U
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: p8 Y: w% g1 @# S; C* T& Z; L"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统# K# J# d: z2 t% s; e7 k12.0pt">:
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* l' ]& t5 X! s5 V! zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ & W R( Z4 Q/ B
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 4 x3 C6 E0 V3 j! G* _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 9 N3 @' V3 ~% n+ e! {
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> : K l' ~% M# S. ]" W
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$ S6 |1 K! @. x; z"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 1 E) w* S( T& O
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, Z7 P" }8 V$ S9 C A3 @ Q% j
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, " H& v/ \! W8 v" F( O8 l- yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 j, K$ c. c; L9 O! }# e0 z"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, & T, p! W c: f* _4 g! F
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 2 q3 [1 X- Y* U V
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 2 Q3 y: p' |8 Z& ]3 F' p {/ W
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"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, ) F M" g' d9 j7 q e# j# Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 5 @ Y7 i1 f& D8 a; Y: z) y, Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! A( _! X( R* k/ ^: R$ W"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, # y* }& z W6 Q8 F A; E/ L
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,4 V6 `5 @+ E- C9 X- Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; A& B1 @! `, L q, r
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定# I9 R* i3 a, {9 O8 K9 k12.0pt">, 8 k3 {+ U0 q4 i T J: |4 ~"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, ' V- j- c+ {" [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" Y3 u4 ^, M2 y" ?" D ~2 i# Z% v
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:: O7 D+ U9 t" t. Pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, ; d; \9 ^" F) U) ]宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, : {0 b0 m+ T' D) ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 O4 ]. S G: M+ l: V5 ?% T+ C! p"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, 6 A* b q. ]/ {9 E4 hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, & i5 |: V- Z0 J" f$ Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& d3 f: K# M$ R( E3 w* D4 U
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: ) w4 |3 D( F: v, Y: L宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ ( I3 S2 h1 _* {9 ?0 D8 @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, & Q' \0 B6 W+ P) k4 S- Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 l# Z. `* t& @0 M# m"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
