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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, ! M0 q) I- O4 b A4 t d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 0 \0 `7 c6 Y' @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. A# I4 g7 T0 z& r \8 Q' W"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, " F8 u9 X5 {: t* u: Y* o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,1 l2 N! \) z% [( S: m& I3 `
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"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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' K1 F( [# ^0 y0 H4 L7 x Q U4 Z3 imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, " w. G9 o2 p# x$ h1 e0 R
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, / I' J8 Z+ r$ v
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,$ x7 Q7 u) P- A& u2 R
( p. Z: ~* T0 t; A7 @% {# e5 }mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, 4 J& h' n* ^& s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, & A! U. j! o6 ]& `5 p( k4 [
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2 q6 C$ C7 D8 y, X"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, . K& ]; J9 E/ I P$ B/ h3 T
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 3 P! }& A, M! l4 l j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,1 E/ r% Q2 A' o
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 2 N& M" d( ~( {7 Q8 u6 ` j' k
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. B$ |; J% z- n; T1 `6 r, f1 P" x+ k. s# H2 |3 Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 7 a8 e$ s- K7 A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 1 U8 G6 Z8 i1 u% d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 9 ]( |2 Z0 D1 i4 h/ f( j
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 1 D8 ?, [; E! T- C宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” ) |2 Y. J& P5 I- ?. ~
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 7 d5 x \4 ~4 Y! A3 v% p
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"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 8 O: l/ {$ H# U1 S# X
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, ) O5 S( A8 D/ r# E; J; R5 @
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; |, T K: \( P! ]"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
) B: f* o( s. p t( M5 w( G( Z6 {8 j- wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 2 D* _- v" P6 {: v( w T! D2 V宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 7 z/ g9 Z5 n, w- d6 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& y7 Y9 d$ P/ E" Q, `
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, ( x. M3 y6 ?" J* ]" |0 o
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: ) [7 l; o" K3 p, Q; U$ d* k
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"Times New Roman"">“ 2 m Y3 v( L |9 h1 j! j8 vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? $ `* T% c* ]" g/ Q3 @7 t
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” ) `9 e# }8 r+ t0 |& t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, ( o8 N* {" R" p
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"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:5 m3 j$ K7 `$ S8 h- i+ `. K
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, : \, [) U& K9 _5 _2 m2 K
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& l+ Z4 {- o, V/ ?4 c"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,9 i' c! u7 q9 o
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, # S, M4 x0 R" o9 h# ~
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+ ?% U5 r+ ^2 ] k3 M"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 8 _0 W! h7 s% D2 |, I4 J' a' m# J. smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 ! v* z+ \7 B% b& z4 y mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里4 O+ f m- h. _- ?
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 0 s( @+ {2 ]% N8 ~. @
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 7 @% c/ H3 s$ y9 W6 R" K
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"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用- R+ L7 T' i7 E! ]( ~, B V) m12.0pt">, 7 p' _- V; \0 \. g8 ]6 B"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, ; u6 s: K, ~- J) v' g
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"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, - D$ B# ] V! n2 Y4 jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!4 j# h% X7 K% z [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, ( |6 |; I- i& r& }0 W" P |
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"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: # r3 T5 [; i5 y* W6 p; M
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, ) F( k% V5 \' U7 R/ E. g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, * u, |7 c& c) i/ b. Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& o, W8 z# E" O5 f
"Times New Roman"">“ ) {, ], M5 I5 {% M5 u0 `: pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”- K7 K8 x6 A q. X5 ~; _12.0pt"> 4 p* K8 j( O. `1 h"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 5 E0 z6 T! J' d
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 o$ @, Z5 z h* a/ Y( Z$ ?"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, $ c3 e4 b* W$ Q0 M6 h! A+ o X
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 5 @4 ]2 U( l/ Z4 N$ H1 t8 t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 8 \& ?$ l: J+ q) \, _3 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 X' t' W$ Z/ T" T( ?* c- I"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 1 j! A- T0 s5 k+ Z! u% _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 9 r- W/ ^: M& ]3 Q' {& P宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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5 x4 p4 U/ r! p$ ^: j4 w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ n: o8 H5 W& a% J# Y+ V: s8 h"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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3 p/ @* W. b, `$ }9 o6 e" A' [mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 4 B: t7 M o# i, L5 k7 E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, / G: A% p2 w3 S; ?, o/ I. x* ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 Y; k% I2 g/ a% Y/ V
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
) K" y% L0 n# i# T9 v0 e% m, d4 \# S: X5 g0 F8 [0 S+ d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, ) m! ?3 E( Z) p8 e: j+ Q F- O
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ m1 B$ T2 i, f6 u1 P$ D- ?"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,# g6 M$ D3 }0 p" j% X/ }
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, : T( m0 }- d% W- R$ J4 o$ ?" lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 a4 L2 b& U; Z, O7 M
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题4 b4 i* X r5 w+ z, B# g
12.0pt">: ; R! G( u3 z4 h9 c+ |"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: ( O. v( R3 Y& Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 y$ L8 ?- r) h Y
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才" C- @% V$ g, O W7 ?
12.0pt">, 8 M( Q& |4 U8 [2 l3 P4 ]2 ]"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 3 m# v6 t8 {5 x$ e# M) ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" D; e5 Q& i/ y5 J: K' M; U
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; # Q4 n9 T% b2 X( [6 E+ l8 Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, + p4 T" E! {. \/ L; e3 ]宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 5 s( @9 T2 V3 l( H8 ~
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题+ a/ K0 H c6 g& ]9 y( @6 F# Z* o
12.0pt">; ; t% l' I* ^, K# m& B"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, ' w2 ?% {! U: U4 f! X
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& O9 ?/ }; b; p6 ?9 t"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求: X" z! R- C8 I$ s' [ w+ `+ h12.0pt">: 8 ^% ^: C$ d5 p2 v% |"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; . r5 \& S5 D% r x ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; _5 t3 T( \ G4 p3 \1 \* B( p"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 5 b. t. }# s8 e5 {+ |3 T }; n
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 6 X( O: _3 m! \. v
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. {8 y7 j# W: @' [& b0 z2 \" q"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统1 j: r8 x+ f/ w) Y
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ ) X2 v2 }5 Z. I6 D# T) f宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” ( @5 G) }8 K H宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 5 z- D2 `7 F$ b4 [. y$ l1 }
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> & \7 m3 K( F/ F6 d9 i
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7 B( ~. O/ t7 `, N8 z"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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' g* Q* E2 o1 O' d2 i( B"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, + i, }; x' e- u/ D; e6 B
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, # h" {1 Z2 j; Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, L# c( z v" {) I
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,) Q* u, k7 S. y. x7 w$ v
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 5 P+ x0 P2 ^& X4 G$ ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* [6 |* \- P/ p7 k9 @/ }7 T0 U"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 2 i9 _3 Q8 `4 ^- ~5 m* W
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, * X" D& u, L. D1 H' C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 0 }" l* [) S9 u: t8 T7 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 S" X6 X* T0 J8 K) r
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, * q" l+ D2 T& p* `, h0 I
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, / x- r+ h+ V* v3 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 C- q3 v* `/ u% |+ N"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, # |5 z' N1 x1 j8 R7 T+ l5 ~3 W宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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7 ]; P2 q3 Y% ~5 G# n* }6 i& I5 ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,# f+ n) R3 W2 ~( m8 V5 {
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' ]2 q5 [. }8 I"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定0 R/ ]! {: p/ \12.0pt">, 4 U2 `% I, J' e9 B2 ^) K$ X
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 1 y- H1 H G5 X' {( q% pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 K+ y5 i. h' U, Q
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:0 b$ K% a5 J* cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, . {; y6 d6 e- Y( x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, ' T$ T7 }# ]! j v6 W7 a# {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 f9 Q, `. Q5 F: h- U"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, * _6 L4 Y" e' x% z. d1 Z& Y' ^5 B8 `
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, % x0 x+ w s5 Q9 s: B
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 C3 M9 L( B! y2 q( T
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: # U Y! I0 {! @# E9 s
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ # d" H' b2 u5 m( O ^7 y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 1 K$ b' w, g3 @) q& v p/ _
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' Y4 M/ M. `' J8 h/ T' P
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
