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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： # o1 d2 E( {8 V/ @: N. Xmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:; e, k! l; O0 w4 R* I' f; i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 f; K5 O6 R4 d7 t3 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">1# }) t/ {* E* q* ~7 d. ?. M! j
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: N# ]6 F! e/ l5 z1 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。6 U- B& @2 z# j( v
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, A3 T* I% _3 i$ o. h2 K/ PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。5 J* H% |6 O- I1 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。+ |, P; D1 b" Q
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: |4 x. t1 ~8 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？1 B2 k5 X7 j+ }4 W+ c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。6 c" I8 v# e: a+ c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服$ W: e! V8 [4 [5 |
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}( d( E' G6 n0 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢; ^8 T3 X+ X' h$ l# {% Mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 R- O( k+ a) d# M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服, |! {; c0 e+ A+ r: W& jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' A. ]7 W, e$ P2 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" V/ N9 V- V7 b& q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的+ g, |: v9 K9 e6 x; p! ~! dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 d# m1 Y5 B9 i# |4 ?" wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' ]" V7 d6 D( N% ?. W+ Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。# Y) B1 G' `$ A9 y+ q8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">" - N! q$ e9 K" _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新# ^4 A0 y( N. z8 jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 K7 \2 | M+ M; C$ K9 y
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& l; |4 ]8 B6 NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白4 o6 a$ W6 u; P2 g+ v& X0 ?, v
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学$ g1 q( ?. g# ^3 q( t; v/ I# [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 O* F$ t. T! |0 W" STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么- O6 {& t& W) [1 g8 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 ^; n; b" E* A L* S# [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？5 N& \0 f2 I- W
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( c! [7 {: S) O% V1 L1 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”6 c& e0 c! V N0 A
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6 p2 \+ f; V( r8 w" y' d! P2 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说: a3 G! L) q4 I* G1 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ b0 N$ D7 W* C' dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( |. N$ ~7 {; ~ b" o% }1 o+ i; Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。4 L S8 y. V/ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 \! k! g+ ^+ W7 W6 A: ~5 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& G# a. f' L, {& n( e, w0 z" p$ G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚1 e6 o& f3 m* J$ ~
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* F9 u4 r3 ?( N4 a. `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！# J* o/ P5 E- N' Q7 ^8 u) Pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # m& k. Z5 @( [
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& K* N' C' l3 w0 lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假2 v3 o+ \( c c8 Z: u6 x
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k( H. G4 I9 [% l, H6 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是4 L7 \# h3 [; O+ G6 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题- J1 k P; _4 v; M5 z; R& J% S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。- T6 d8 i3 g2 |8 F" u. ?5 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 [6 d" O7 f+ Y) s1 |, C/ X. M5 H; Q& vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 {0 P" J2 }' v3 l: Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴5 j4 f5 R" m# \4 i" f; u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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