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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 5 U- m% J7 A8 g% W: l& c9 B/ M7 h
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' Q6 W% [1 m- b+ NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) ]0 t6 L* k- ^, X0 D: M) m6 ?' ]
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9 g( e$ [+ ]1 n! H5 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. h8 t- ]3 u" k; l5 ~
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3 o! i" ^7 N/ W/ k% r! s) |mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。9 r* | L+ K5 M, l% }1 ~color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。; q, p' c( P5 V" q8 L* R
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; c! C6 v( j6 e) Emso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。$ I5 }# ?7 Z/ B* smso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？; u6 X, J2 {5 xcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- G2 q3 e3 ~! N( X& r4 c1 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。) T! m0 B) i1 P" k) }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ J+ |1 ^( S2 @3 g& t: I1 BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服$ [/ }2 r) c5 ^$ C$ |! A) R$ O/ Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢+ i$ ~, @4 A# |# c; A: Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 @9 o0 N; a) C: F) ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服( E5 z" P) w2 v+ j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的$ t) j( e# ]& i1 O; v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。2 Z9 g K9 [ Q& Omso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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% m* Y0 J# B+ {+ `Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：$ j" x8 u6 K ~4 Q+ s0pt"> / }+ F4 X. Q; J. }
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' S& b+ ^* l A: ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新+ i* K; Z1 ~! W# k' ]
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% g0 J/ D' n2 e* `! D& ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白! l" Q1 @. K9 g' a& g/ |- T8 b
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: j5 N d7 E5 s* }5 k; D! G6 KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学# V) w; m. {9 r% k" Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么! b6 t5 s3 J+ u, U: D- gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——& F! o& {% a, L/ G, O- bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: q8 g+ p7 A6 _ y1 @8 Y: ?' xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？. o5 v) @) N2 l
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' ^, ]; s! A. r5 b( d) fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。1 u4 C$ z- c# P4 O6 d) d
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: I/ M/ O, P$ J! A. ^0 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”" B# p$ f( v4 O. I$ [
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o* K! t: y9 V1 K0 ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服) C3 Q( U2 g. r+ d' s2 V0pt"> 9 H2 x8 ], b! M1 Q. m! G1 L2 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 e% B' X8 T) j! t ~8 z/ V" rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善5 J* G j& h6 E9 S- |" L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚- T( r; M9 T, B4 L7 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！+ j4 r. Q+ w' p6 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * k, c0 V, N, A' I: H* T3 p& T% F$ \: i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假8 O }0 b+ e5 b7 gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * ?/ d3 e, x- o8 _) X- l
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3 G' O. c9 H# z2 hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是7 L5 h$ ^8 m. @$ f. Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 s& U& t% y& e8 d$ jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ k+ J! m/ ]/ C( Y7 v2 z! Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题9 N4 y' v2 u4 b# Y9 G3 d
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5 ~# g7 u8 y5 {" L# }2 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。+ \- I& R# ^+ g$ S2 n6 T& h+ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴: P- r0 M0 p* \; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' ~1 K, t% Q$ M8 x0 x) Y
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* v- g( @' |( ~6 d; Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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