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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： $ F4 F) |! s$ e! |& Y; R% E; l& X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第+ \" p8 T0 y. ^/ |/ Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">1$ T3 g' J' y; f# k, q7 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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" v# e8 a; Z6 z/ A8 amso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。8 U4 z: q! a# ~! h) f* T$ r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。% O# x6 C* K6 q+ Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。- S: D$ d+ ]5 J# smso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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: K! I- N' C# k4 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？. O% J% u3 ^; ]2 zcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# u) S5 O% Q% a% C& ?; G7 z3 uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。+ m" Z, c" X6 x$ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 |; G- i" L" X; M1 V( cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服6 I! `5 q8 w! V: S( |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 Y9 m" ^* ^) z1 o8 A$ i4 m
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* l( Z9 x- w3 @5 B7 pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢5 [& k I: Q/ N+ t7 |( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服* S% L0 H( s6 F) M6 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的) l+ h9 c( n1 Y
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. I G- M# F* e. H1 E1 j1 n7 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。7 d. o1 ~3 i. z3 c9 k' j& Smso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新0 p) S9 h3 k5 v7 N' G
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5 E. X3 K0 p8 ] K% ~! }$ Z" v9 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白$ n- i3 d; s/ M7 Emso-font-kerning:0pt"> 3 u& C3 I6 a; D6 s, W; D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学: k3 v& `7 m, z. Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 3 q5 K ~$ I3 @
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' s# S" v: p" |. r* z5 B/ aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么* L4 g: Y1 p! f4 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？9 h, w. R N7 P" bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 h! ]: r& B3 [& S: W. C1 m/ h
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( R* y$ b0 e! B* j' K ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”( o/ |) T% v3 G% W6 S( X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说' V' J b, j. [3 D3 \ ]: z
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6 p( p5 d' A8 p0 y- q3 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。+ |- F" m9 |, Q- T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊6 _4 M" _* d. s3 F% T$ emso-font-kerning:0pt"> " L5 V3 ]4 l* i0 b$ x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚" V* ]- l. c1 D! g" t5 ~1 I3 D9 R- P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！. }( B/ n* w" W* H
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) B9 V7 u. ~' RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假" B3 A4 J: a) x' i1 d% B' Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: q# p0 F9 c; ]0 H( i- h8 DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是' N, {* T. m7 d# P% omso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 w c7 S5 @# S% u0 x
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- `# {( |. t# P H* Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题/ i4 \8 f/ G; S/ K$ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. Z. E f A4 s ?7 `2 f/ r
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% A9 L7 K' J# A; M4 ?4 ^* B! P. O( Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。1 i# P" x1 N. z. x' `! C8 r
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% k. O* e$ ?. R$ D6 f; K8 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴( ]9 I7 O# }* }0 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ Z1 u5 p" s9 B; Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" H: b1 ^1 Q- [" x; U( x
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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