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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： * X8 m& O! v2 g: F, J( T5 T
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a* M. b% ^( U9 o0 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 V6 v$ C. m8 x& {# W3 ^# E, \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：) a: i% u5 V, A+ O, `1 \
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9 X7 ]. K+ X# c4 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。+ ~4 _* k5 D2 ~0 E3 o, z2 H
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。) p& s0 D% J( ^+ S7 m, wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 F2 }: F* l9 D5 M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 [( o; E( g8 \3 v6 p- `mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;4 H& X7 o& l& Y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。; `+ b' r, \% {; V# l- l0 N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？0 G- m6 R$ r3 s' ^% `1 l$ acolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。& J4 z" P0 D0 l9 D5 T5 x- v) |) R
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服" P$ K; t/ {( @+ Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢% H* q$ a; S; w* D
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2 s: l3 N7 E- l: f# J# q5 N& c; Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的% U4 ]. [# P5 l; j7 umso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ r) l$ y. x) Q4 ]9 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新- B8 ^+ A9 O4 S0 E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白9 F/ R- R& a& Z, B5 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学& D& [5 O: p l' vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 O3 ]5 @- T' y' ]# z. STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么5 c# k5 f/ \8 m/ {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？2 S. c% M5 \, w) @; cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——* u* J# e; X& w9 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 W5 C n. {& v) X+ a. t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。- v8 \; U& e1 t0pt"> ! }+ J' k% S* J/ l3 V' jTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
, N) D, y( J4 s$ Z6 o4 u1 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”# t9 c- Y' g3 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说- |. M! ]4 B: o) w( emso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ f7 R: S" q7 U+ q: Q3 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚, R1 f: G2 F) h R# V3 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 j9 T0 y2 a- t7 ]3 i& r# P3 JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！4 u0 G& C* |* h# w9 {- X3 I3 W+ q
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5 H. ^, n+ Q: W+ A$ ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是! U8 w: j: s& r* ~. U8 j
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: I3 ~3 k7 M+ X' \- gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。& R% j9 Y: P: U
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