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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 9 q/ x* c, L8 U9 o _2 c- x7 Kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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( V* g& ^$ B- u* Q/ _3 ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第# \8 \7 _. D' u
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3 ]& G# [' L+ ?0 amso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：) r. ~2 B0 `, C
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3 i) d- Q) ]' h9 E$ d. y7 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。& x5 x% r% m$ A& y* mcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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( T a, g9 Y7 Q: [ oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。$ g7 |0 W% f) n8 q) d, omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 b( F1 _# ] |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。' g# g8 G$ ^- O6 V, G7 h, o3 R4 X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？) g+ G/ t0 R; vcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 n6 I! Y9 U/ PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。% ~+ g4 {# u9 }; q: T8 zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> : c7 A5 c5 B& y! w, J+ @7 [
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; ~0 ^! Y! P) |# |, NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服0 ` `% O/ D8 L3 P; ]* Z
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. G. i. w" C) P( O- h0 |$ X, VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢3 t( y7 Y4 x" M+ Gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # F5 K9 c" r c$ k
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4 S7 h* J0 Y, k% S- Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服2 N( A8 N' W: f+ N G" F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的- a4 }' f# |3 h3 Y# x8 omso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 ^: k$ c5 i$ J* i, P3 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 g, I( h) N( Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。5 G4 V( m7 D' b$ q% B5 J# P
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2 N* M- o. k+ L% F0 \- i4 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新: h7 {6 H0 b* G: L; cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # M0 m+ |$ w t
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. u4 ?/ i' F7 R3 A V! `0 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白8 o" z6 K8 h* o; A
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" @$ {% L0 B; c8 R% Z" gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学) w5 {' _ T. ~& v8 l
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& l- l8 q1 N2 |: n5 h6 Q' c* fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？! M. @# `0 ]1 g* ]* |$ U% Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——, e8 {. `0 u! s+ L0 O8 h2 Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想” s5 p- i5 s0 s. Q& i! f7 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: P6 V& c e2 w4 D4 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 i t5 \! l0 U" b/ y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊; f+ z( I4 d( i9 l/ G4 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚3 G- Q. j" ? J! I6 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 C- i% f7 P V3 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！# H/ Z9 N* z, h4 ~
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+ |" `3 P! u6 n) ]4 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( M, f7 u2 _( S3 n
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! s% U- V% E3 G* YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是) H5 O" U1 m' r5 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 Q, y1 X7 K& e: J& _4 _$ `* R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题" d: c3 \) g) C+ M3 t% p2 F1 y W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。 n& x, b5 H) v. D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴) V+ q! c! s |2 s* h+ c0 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 N3 y7 V' k9 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 |3 s: |9 Y1 b1 w- j
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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