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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： , [5 C! S( D8 B7 ^9 ^% J% h& dmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 {$ {' Z/ O2 L. M$ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">1& H; K6 D o" ^- G+ [# Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 R; C1 w. L: G) t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 f3 z/ B$ P% F' x0 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">") g l, D$ A! B& _mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;2 d* t0 z1 w& \1 h u2 e- u
mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。5 e$ ]' I' `) o! H
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" ^" Q% k) n; F' n0 p% eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。+ f8 N. u" u- x8 w' R+ C( dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。' [0 M6 k; p! `6 M# e: L. C/ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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$ a3 b- M8 K! |" d. `: Y' L! @, tmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？4 o$ i5 I( g5 Q% b1 y: Y8 rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 \5 w) _* l5 e1 BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。/ ~$ J2 C$ F6 w+ G; ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服9 b( S4 ]; V, N. T, n3 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% R; ?$ I- g- s1 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢, e5 Z, f) b& A4 H' j: y0 v) x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新9 x# I& m) t. f- u' F0 N) o9 V6 g; P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学, O& U3 I/ z- |9 l0 pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' Q/ }+ q/ s: T0 f; Q+ A8 H3 w! b5 Z
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$ A3 k5 a) h, _+ @0 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么+ v* k4 e2 b8 i. d8 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——) i; `; ]$ ?. v( U; T
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0 n4 G5 _9 K# @/ a" [1 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？7 r& E1 {& \; h8 n4 ?* Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 q4 u% d9 f5 l: o4 l8 x( Y% N; Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" g$ R0 A' [, ^$ R+ D4 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。3 `* q& X9 q9 c+ a: b7 e0 O8 V, s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊: Y* I4 ~, v: E+ u' J2 I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚; {. ]% }' |& h O" d/ L+ @7 f8 A
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+ p( k- j' y% ~$ UTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：8 |: z0 o1 d- K5 _, m8 d0pt"> 2 c# t5 \- E- [
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* s ?0 F! W: w4 n/ }. D+ F1 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！' i& M3 J* @" e! p9 imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假# a- e) L# _% u4 v, [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是6 @8 ?! E9 t' T) _! N# pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& Z5 c$ V' E3 X
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/ ^5 A) `4 ~1 }5 M- q9 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题% A# n; e2 U0 e! n X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。$ ]/ t2 d4 @, [3 O
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1 H! j8 T% Y* \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴2 B7 T# ]' x6 p5 X2 ?# Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 X+ i5 L8 B% s# D
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5 ]( R& u3 \1 S4 W- emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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