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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： - e, k o+ t' y4 ~& v9 ^
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$ E v1 V$ T! d" @, D2 U% _" ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ o% x9 q1 v9 M& H. m4 `7 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">16 G6 k0 i4 Z( U- ~/ D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：: R" J* x4 J* E* S% H
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$ P( j3 ~! w. U2 |1 ?# t. Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：* v. y/ D+ [3 V& U. B8 K5 J) k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。9 L) w/ p0 T% Mcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。& _) C% G6 j/ C+ e& d7 M; U5 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。# ~# S+ l3 P/ p. W# t" K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？" E0 T5 K! }" F* ], i4 ~7 X' O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。1 D- s- Z2 M E. V9 c; e0 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢; x* o: x# x' c0 o0 A+ H/ e
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& |. f/ ^ Y9 o( I2 e3 d- Z0 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服7 d5 ~! R8 w* hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 b, r* @( U/ Z3 t
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1 V3 T4 A8 A/ [1 j8 p" Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的/ k' r1 P3 E( z8 `8 s! O# |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新6 b; m4 v6 M$ q, @/ Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* Z5 h- b2 P, F4 a7 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白, s. L3 y- W* P. V
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" m1 R4 Q Z9 T6 u$ uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学5 P; P/ T% Y) x( J! P" jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + \8 m- i" {+ J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么/ ]3 t' F3 a! w# Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 \. ^2 g, L0 d" Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 v* y- v- [3 R. ` s) X) dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？; w% d6 o# Y3 _) Y5 g/ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: C+ A& P/ A/ Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' d [+ S% _/ c( ^: r
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。: {% {$ H+ Q2 h& h1 C3 j0pt"> : u+ i$ o4 q6 e5 @, M: W3 lTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;( a# ]6 O+ Y- D) ^
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”! B1 q* H, D$ O; H; f- wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 F* e6 Q! l$ ~ q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。- ^7 ?9 J, C* ]) ^0 ^! qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 `2 n. ?+ Q& S/ }2 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 X, j3 }. V# z1 ~0 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善" }6 {+ t0 J r, y; E; Q0 amso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 S. |, M+ n$ k4 v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊! ]7 z# S5 a/ F1 ]( Jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 \" W6 `8 O7 @0 J" C7 j
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% Y/ t, {) ^3 r! f4 U% G& ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚3 d7 o6 Z. p; o8 b' H6 _
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：, x* x, `0 S" }8 X; p: B0pt"> $ b* K% }# k1 r- z* z8 |3 O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！7 c8 N& ^( a4 m* @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假0 ]3 f- {6 ?. G+ a$ p1 a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是- x! M: }# T B& Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. l) B/ y2 n' i1 Q: V" Z
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( k ]' O. @3 E3 N1 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题5 N5 w/ R" \* u, s' K$ m, emso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ Z; t) C% O& N9 v9 ^& F
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2 h* q& K! ?. b# a# V, |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。5 X) P3 l& f$ a2 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴5 e4 x( n1 \! O- y, V0 [! xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 A) ]+ s/ D ]7 I/ k e, P" a8 T. Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& d' h; t, b( C" l% V8 T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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