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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： " E: n- V6 Q8 Y- T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第+ D/ L( u9 r# y$ ~% F( lmso-font-kerning:0pt">13 t2 F) `& u, n( f0 \
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, C6 T; U9 e2 B( E$ |$ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 Y' j+ S, N1 p
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. R8 Z' p( n& o/ ^( P S5 r6 ~3 C% R6 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。 R# u% J. Z! q1 ~1 Mcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。9 Q* m R- Z6 ^- N5 r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 j- b) f9 P1 K( E3 v4 [3 r" @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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5 ^# w, ^5 \6 n. F+ [/ @* Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？6 N2 W) [# q; E8 Jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ m0 {; z% {. }$ D3 g9 LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。+ o& c$ ]$ |) pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 N5 [4 U2 M& W+ Y/ aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服% E! ^# K) l4 S5 s& R/ R5 Z
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' f& }5 u* t. zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢* w& c6 v/ I; u4 X! omso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 W+ U" Q1 N4 J! p, s
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7 v! H: v# b- [3 \, ]) I+ i: Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# R0 j1 B2 C$ P1 ^! o) imso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 r* }" d2 \. A/ g: D0 j
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2 [/ p0 `$ L+ S/ Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。/ R/ D2 u4 S0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">" & j; T% z) i; {7 G0 A8 ^
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# n9 B3 M' d7 B) O6 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新8 f/ ^4 P/ x0 `, H! kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 H2 R. q. l7 A7 @+ ]0 c
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. n, ~2 u U OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学, A. @/ X2 N: j! y% D4 V
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0 ^. p! z: S! Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？6 l# d# z. s& r; X ^9 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——; D; c1 R6 i+ T! c
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+ R W$ v' h2 G3 t6 M: T4 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说3 ~2 K* _/ B: J# O
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. y9 t+ w# ^) n; ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚9 V3 ^ ], D3 J9 F8 B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假% d, x6 E9 j% @; L3 k0 `- M( lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是9 }' U* X0 g. C
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, l7 g, J8 O: ^' \$ t( x2 s- Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题9 \6 r& \: ~ r4 ` I% M% Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) i# r, ^; b4 F' h9 R( lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# P: V- E0 \! C- {3 P
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。, |; X7 x0 u j2 Q8 h% G3 R
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* n4 h8 }9 _) K+ _4 Y' Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴' U. v9 ~9 C3 ~ h( h7 f
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8 m: k) s2 a# a: y) d0 x) mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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