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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ( O/ S) t+ t" `4 Pmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:$ G( q. L& M, l6 t6 G9 B2 y6 l W# A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 u! t8 n1 y7 X0 M- A
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6 _, N2 e! v/ a1 a$ U q1 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰： K3 i0 F2 O) C0 ]* I* L5 N" vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 n- T7 u" G T. B2 T
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5 l' M, Q6 |" T8 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。* ~" k0 D5 K. w$ ^: e8 `/ E- ?
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' k, i7 s; |) N2 ?0 q( hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。6 t _8 V6 B8 S
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: @8 |2 D; S( Z& |5 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。5 y8 }; @ o- Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？; [% }) ?& @) o& a( m' `color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 S' |* @% h1 r1 V% z# YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。+ Q0 ]! `( X& i( t" W$ `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# }! q% K. `' x
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! n# |6 i8 ~! e0 D3 O ]; jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢' K1 a1 I$ j) h8 Z! _8 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 e$ I8 M" E% F4 ?' L
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$ L0 x" g8 P1 \' `! |( r2 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。3 N. ^4 ?3 a; d3 s/ u6 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">" S' U6 @$ p+ w r+ _* f: I% ?
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6 s! f$ e# {7 x6 _5 b" {. g6 G# Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新. }* V7 ^9 u- Q5 H4 q
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5 |6 z7 c# \1 s, `" |2 x' `/ ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白# ?3 _2 E% @* [; Y- C. a8 @mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 8 C" o: j, ]: o- }* L/ |; E% l: }: t
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% H1 n: y: d- T) eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学; X' _# J. B- {6 O& n6 r9 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么" O1 R; i# B: H9 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？# o3 R3 ]' ]$ |6 Q% ~ K
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* t+ e0 C, Y0 a/ fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。7 P/ t1 ]5 j9 B8 }1 g) T( V
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' I( u) _: C7 G- K! K1 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”" r1 k9 J$ u- {9 {3 P) [; j% @+ Y
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1 m/ r1 Z9 z$ A* j' n/ @( P0 _$ j( Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。! U) r" x: ~/ F# y/ P9 q1 v2 n* W1 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 X/ @, a8 t+ o# I: ]3 g/ rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚1 ?3 j) I3 k0 ^- z/ }7 a
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k0 U+ }" G! N1 _Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：* I U- `$ N/ K. Y
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% n r' G+ z- s0 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！) D- u! t4 m# n, D# |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 y* W: g. u% @/ R% a
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# J6 S4 A( W8 u0 v7 pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假% y4 V) f ~( s2 g N, {$ F8 c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是" p4 r) I5 L6 {, N+ x" k4 V
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) Y- e: f" R/ u+ y' omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题# k: P( l- n/ U" t' ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 M7 z- e( T" @5 c" Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' l! b p& u( U, x
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。9 B6 f1 i0 o4 H! W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴( H" ? i- {- r7 `& J; M6 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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