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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 4 z* t& b: P' s' A7 P1 ^+ Amso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:, j! Z1 s8 v( H1 d% x/ X1 ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第+ s. S, T& c7 Y. l/ G+ e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。+ B# q" R" U5 D3 J, ]
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/ @# T0 t. F& e8 e9 s0 \; J* VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。) X! h! W; S; A% W0 m5 f
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5 X z5 m2 U, U! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。- |" J; P* ?' K' X: Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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[. g! A. T9 z8 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？8 A" f% h7 H; i9 r+ S% `' _
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# [% o0 [, T& ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。- e2 d8 A. K9 {" w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服6 ]; J4 _! M" K
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* @5 L3 V3 [3 m8 BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢. H2 q0 u' s2 s" Bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; O1 Y3 P( T- a
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' @5 h' H! ]# v# R( h! {8 NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白9 l. V- {2 x8 Z. \0 t/ d5 x& `mso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ n2 H0 ^3 s9 f+ z& K0 Z% K- q' [% E
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6 G4 c& V' j4 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学7 R5 l* }3 [" c* z0 U5 o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？7 e7 X, r+ W6 r! B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。1 Z" [+ t- e# a# Z0 z; R! V' _6 x0pt"> 8 c* F! i) D4 c! P/ C: zTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
" O9 A* w. Z( y- _% Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”( y5 D1 \# y6 @ S i' omso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 e% y! y) h; @1 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& w6 _% F( B( P& \6 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说# K) R$ Z; i# D# H( V# [/ @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚 r* x% P0 S# `mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' V: A) i- K. W, p
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2 D" `. [! B) ]4 P. l8 U/ ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！" M4 a' i# p8 w( j
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+ b) J Z- q7 h4 L8 W/ ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假. P5 ]; m1 r! a- H e/ G6 |6 U
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, Z) |$ {, H. H! w/ c* p; yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: s0 ~& Y: `7 B' B2 X- Q; F
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+ D$ W& d* m! g* q% r: fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题* |) \9 @3 m( s. `8 F' w& W
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/ D8 U1 |- i y6 C# Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。% \1 T) H# Y9 ~+ n- r/ w
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& w* b! r2 R/ V. g" ^5 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴. g% y+ u( l9 c$ E. w5 L2 \$ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) p& @$ X4 K y& ~! h( qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- T' Z6 i: P o% f5 v6 @3 \
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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