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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 8 Q! v- [8 H, p& M( p" ]& e
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* @3 G5 m6 }: k# e6 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第7 k* L( }2 w: i: j2 U+ ~- T) omso-font-kerning:0pt">1/ @- w$ V8 U( d( ?$ C, w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：: f5 K2 ^/ s3 Y( p/ k
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. z, }7 ^( ^! d. h; T; Amso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。' f. R |% `, S% \" Pcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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+ q0 Y% x4 @/ m2 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。. b: ?* z' p% }9 N: D0 T! P; Q6 A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! ?/ @) c0 ^1 o' b
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3 k: `% ~ Y0 a0 K$ M" fmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。: z# |: e% t% q; K6 B* p( ?, L/ d' `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？1 B: h4 h% U2 f$ f3 S) Gcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. G" o9 y9 S' a- F0 q imso-font-kerning:0pt"> * g$ H8 G: W' H1 t3 U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服( C5 Q( o' s5 i/ \" d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢9 s, ]" t* W2 w1 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* [7 H8 {# l& p& _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服( _% o: Q9 i. x3 ^. C7 d) hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: O) \- F3 i% X" N; afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 [+ R, {$ r# U, Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的. U- S- d3 j: F( R' A5 |$ f
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2 J+ ~7 ?3 L( C; Y' f8 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。, p6 b* D) X* y. t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新5 H7 w( r3 i# n6 _3 l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白& [! M. `* U @+ S/ j; G
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( M2 H2 D% H- `/ p; tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学( q* N; D% h1 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么8 E% V1 R7 h5 U. q _ L5 C4 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 e: B% V) p2 P; M4 r3 N* u
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I9 C: E: ^2 j! v, p0 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？# B9 q9 O0 Q' Q2 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——* X( K) O4 s! S' `. a" O) j h4 t
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: N- A4 J# s+ m3 s* m. jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”5 @. {9 F+ O% Q A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说! f5 I% g# N0 v
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7 j( Y, G6 \4 V( Q" |/ R }8 U! a+ KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚+ w- V; V" a. G/ U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！/ T+ J8 d. n- |# Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假* t2 s, q" \- s( Mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) M; g- n* t" H6 [- n( [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: \9 n9 a6 c' g! y" ?4 X. _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题& l6 y4 W* |, k4 j5 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。3 R. i4 b: a$ B7 t6 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# y [' k2 @2 g/ n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴( x, V0 F, R t- {9 W6 l C- P5 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 i: C" [! Y& ?6 X# S5 u9 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 D f( G0 i; s+ M. Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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