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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 9 s% a5 x6 q5 t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 g' `, F4 m7 L+ J |mso-font-kerning:0pt">14 }9 ]; E; Y$ ~, ~1 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。+ G- I( M" L% q2 G! {$ a1 k
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: F+ C+ b6 Y6 u' y/ a: STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。0 p/ H1 a3 F; R, \! W
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1 ^) K/ j5 ]) n2 l6 Z4 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。# E( W5 X( s5 ^" E: t7 smso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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/ S( f& ^, m9 t2 w/ XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。& s7 A. Z6 D. _1 amso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( a9 p# a; [5 Z% }6 [8 [& Q; _$ F
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: L; c% W7 [2 r3 b- V2 GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢- k- o6 b0 n4 r' m7 W# V/ g5 p r* A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服" Y4 @# P L& U0 G. M! \mso-font-kerning:0pt">—— x8 W# i7 N9 n. Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& X* i; D' D4 |0 o% o5 J: Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的* h0 Y( |1 g4 z1 r1 ^) H# e
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. o2 [3 w! N$ f2 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。, V1 m6 |) X0 I. i4 x2 g$ `; [( Z0 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新9 ? J. T; ^. j0 b9 ^( s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白$ N3 H4 I) _1 V; I& S+ W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学7 G* @# v0 o% ?# Y3 I( l" p3 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么8 M* M4 s' g" _mso-font-kerning:0pt">——- W9 B4 c) U+ ^0 A z( ~; C. t' E
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; x8 d% D- D4 R# T6 V9 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？, H) r' t. x7 L% a) X% W% G! Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”; ]7 _% l2 P5 d1 V4 i8 @" d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊0 P. w H9 t2 w- M$ l/ [, Omso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) r4 ~ w1 _6 h0 P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚2 l. H/ M+ {8 k7 x& dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( g1 m8 n' N" Z) x5 h0 QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！* m. T0 [+ ~3 L% i) {+ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 q/ i7 j) H v6 J( Z+ t; r
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1 E P" v0 ]9 S3 L+ q: t7 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假7 e; X4 t( }: S {& k Kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> } m& d: r& ~7 u1 v% _7 [! R8 W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是1 @9 u+ k; i+ Y5 H7 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& |- Y, ]% _9 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题 S( C+ u" o1 |4 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 b( G8 }# t: v* [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。$ W* C4 j" s8 L% `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; {# g: H" u: c! D4 y6 @5 ]+ p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴4 s0 X+ i" { T% v- Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 R2 I" ^' j9 j2 ~$ [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ }; [5 V: |8 F- k' }& r2 Z( y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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