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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; h! s8 ], T; E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：) _% E* T5 m9 D* p3 L/ w4 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。 J* X3 h9 M' g% v9 e. ?" N
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5 Z0 z+ k# Q& B5 }: a' E& iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。" Y: C, K8 e; E' R. |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 m+ K; B) X, E- i/ _5 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ `+ C% X! }0 A6 ?+ l/ c) D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经( ^2 z ]5 s* w/ x, h% f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。 Z1 s( u5 `$ L7 @: b# v$ M+ `5 j
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5 W: e2 x! n4 v* S% \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 f- V- U! {, }" N8 k5 ?, I- [( }0pt">“1 K. X& ?) m+ J" e& f6 O! Y* i
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& Y. P: O6 x$ Q% m3 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是/ o1 A5 ]+ R; W( l- T$ i. r ^0pt">‘7 u) m& D$ ^! RTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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1 n6 M- M" v' f4 H5 z+ ^7 vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？( _. J" C' R. U& z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，. V$ D2 v& L, o, |* S7 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 K+ _- I# y, Q" e2 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 e5 s4 G; K% Y5 W( \4 D: z. fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪8 o8 Y/ x# ?, Y* Q, ^7 `9 P+ M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐. i' _: ^$ F0 k* v+ S8 l/ [
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9 p6 O9 q e6 N# A( X. ~9 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种 h' G' p" Q- `( l. h# y( X$ k" L$ K
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* d; T8 {3 ?8 Y) u2 D3 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的) [% f" e; a" t6 H; Z! ^( ^
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6 u! o+ @4 I* v% o1 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐7 ~" v {3 n% e* ^/ K t. ~" [: o$ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 ~' Z: @/ v- i3 e t% wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, A- Y( J2 e/ P: a+ H. w; r* pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，: a* Y/ J2 ?3 f1 ?* w- e9 Q
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4 t' ~ B) X! f/ ~/ g0 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教" c; W% L1 {7 D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教5 P* v/ o$ r: Y( W6 t! U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。8 K# E( P8 v8 z0 d* Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* O' A. U+ X# E X" F" p, UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌# c; M- Y1 O$ Y6 J; Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">3051 n6 z5 P) V/ Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 i, q3 L8 f" M" ?0 x* A5 c- kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视; Y4 d$ v0 L1 Y# ?
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$ n+ X! e3 T" q3 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：, N: N: |8 u: M; N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。" [& ~. j3 w4 d7 v9 S
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, k: ^& l3 ]( g1 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 \7 {, X2 x/ q. Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">•' k2 |. S% @7 c" f- u/ D4 f# }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( q2 H2 a6 \# |& Q' I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）" i7 V( X& D, [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。9 ?/ t0 B( w. f3 j8 p2 v5 C3 M3 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# q# k" V) C9 y1 M* a% ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过- p+ _, j. Y/ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ O/ c; F0 q9 O" ?" Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 w% c) u8 Q- V$ I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨2 e1 A; x5 w' M; ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 i6 k& t3 U; Z$ Y4 m. K0 y3 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; K4 M3 I; J! h8 _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人 a) K8 f9 r- I3 C4 t7 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# @* L r4 N6 J" k
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- l1 S; h: Q* z$ U3 |" ^) Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。5 y: W+ v) x6 z0 L/ o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。. M3 a7 N5 j( x3 N& m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' ~7 o5 ?7 u3 y9 h" H
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4 {, ?/ _" g) g4 ~/ h2 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。4 k; a. u3 j( z/ W0 w3 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ v1 P0 v& {! ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。& Y! q4 @4 b9 N$ [ E8 imso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ V/ H2 G, q* Z
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! [7 `; i/ K4 R2 h3 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”( V6 B8 u% v% [& j; D, j; q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。4 {0 j, X& |* x. F9 v: d2 c
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# P% q1 E( F$ L' ?. ]9 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。5 g& |! @+ Q! B; ]# pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. n7 u4 X+ H% I+ ^; G, Z& ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 S& _" O* `- W3 K3 C$ w) Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于. ^% F' m( i4 T) u+ U- f V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓( {, Y8 p' I7 {0 a& R$ n' ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓! M: ^5 N) U& ?5 `* t/ e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓( a3 Y0 n( S: R+ j+ W. Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 m: l9 J; @: B6 B* O8 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 d5 y2 V i, K6 K3 g k, X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓/ o- _% @; j" Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ [7 C$ u+ b5 X5 p3 v3 i7 H
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3 u' g7 @( i" A) M/ @) Y1 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语6 i: ?* t+ ?- o9 I. J; V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能& G2 ]6 U/ M' Q. b, H7 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“- b1 @2 [# L5 D% \/ ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 B' m7 R' k. x( W
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7 R3 L) P+ ]5 M* ]5 ^4 D+ U! \, P' xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人' Y: _2 b% E2 G$ H5 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 J$ b7 Z3 S! h' D, F
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4 }1 ~ T9 J: c: \1 yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。) W( Z+ d+ X" O$ \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。8 v5 c0 V) E4 g2 H0 v# ^: |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧0 Q$ N$ k6 L% R" H) z2 n2 [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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