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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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+ } t6 |( @) `" ]+ STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; \* r" |! D6 T+ x
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' A& f" O8 h& p' ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。! R8 \5 O- M( v6 C; T4 u* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# M1 V7 u! ?* d% I9 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" y- ]' _! }9 v o
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. L. K: Z$ m. Z0 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经6 X. l* { [6 G9 ^% j% u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。/ ?4 u4 ?$ e" }. d/ l
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& x- }8 `9 r0 J& H% a9 v+ b4 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：7 w. H) X8 D P! {, T+ ~' @. c0pt">“" O& ^; u/ y2 M8 S. k& MTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
. j0 i! e& J6 m6 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是8 W5 z" [! r) w: _3 s+ A4 b
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6 |1 r7 I6 A" f: X0 D/ YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？6 p$ |0 A0 g8 q: V" \' v! ~0pt">
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, y6 k* \) u' o' GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，5 d: W9 H9 H1 h8 C' g4 t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐+ K3 q9 }1 y3 F5 A- q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% M3 R3 A8 d( A4 r! T) N$ n" w/ Wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
q# T7 J: [* c( \$ v' R6 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语4 e7 V: r2 w6 P) m% i
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: a; ?' K6 ]* vmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种4 H! F( G+ R+ Z7 E! |/ y- Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; [& e% J) X9 R3 I9 ^ `! qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: f1 R; M6 g6 y! i9 p, o
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">立 }) j5 T7 }: |# }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的: {+ @! S6 A3 `2 @; b" V3 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ g1 w7 Y$ ?% A+ b( q+ A- `# n
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& q% a7 U0 h4 T7 z0 @' l1 l, c1 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，/ l) ~1 L4 w6 a# {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% H I4 a; V" k5 R2 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& H7 l* P0 `" Q3 x. |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。; S* S) s4 m x! G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌- ?6 h( ]3 `$ Z1 i5 U5 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">305. g: a# b: P* }% ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; L! d7 y/ ]: V; p+ |8 P' e2 U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视5 f' e% L# ~$ c; g1 G8 H; mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 y: R5 g8 Z& T. ] \& ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% f! ]% K# G0 B. Z0 }6 Q! Y4 a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗$ a0 e! c4 G K( z d# _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：, {: J* b! J$ X: X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。* m+ F2 l% o) [8 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, o# p4 {/ j3 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& b# l% u& }9 D8 v
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语! E/ c% k# g: [7 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）, K H# [& y H( Z, ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 G8 H( g* K( K8 u! T4 M: _7 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- Y8 I* j1 ? a" X" a5 f- Q& U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。4 M5 L% M O0 O8 p; V" i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语: @4 ]. o: H$ J. j% J
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2 p, M) |+ g* H" [) s' ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过9 ]! E, z# y6 ~, ~: W F( L: Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 d" n$ W, t3 l/ K5 m: M1 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨. }1 w7 a9 R; smso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 A/ `, m/ `$ }( A# B
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# p9 f- G. w1 R. o5 }3 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪) g: t) S# P; ?7 F- imso-font-kerning:0pt">”" Z' S. {6 Q4 Y- s/ ?6 Z+ t efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) }8 \( e. _4 `$ T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。2 X1 ^$ f) c7 [0 c# e! A) Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 }1 h8 v/ w2 W: c% W4 S
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/ h- s7 G/ d8 Z O0 P; FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。/ ?) B$ |$ B; g. F0 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">" y, H8 |5 v7 @$ [
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- o( V) ^: ]: x3 |- jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。9 g% ~$ i* ]. c5 r; B. u! Ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) I, L( y; Z# K9 l- M5 W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。, ?' \, E: }: Y; h/ X( lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 t2 }5 G$ ?: y! Q. s% x( t$ y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( Q3 a' n% i" v- J7 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃- `4 y& x1 D) N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批7 {$ w* [ O7 k5 `7 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”6 K+ `$ t; u" {9 `, z" E7 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。# K; J2 l' n) @1 h2 {4 ]
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! _' E! `) S- w5 Z7 s, Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。) E) h$ I9 h) \8 F" u" v# C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于9 q& q- T- P0 i- n2 C4 C T1 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ u- f, C% p2 w
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* U1 @7 H6 q, d% X8 C1 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观0 V' K8 A# Z( {$ k' l
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7 s( U4 F5 Q* l0 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群' D/ _2 D' Y/ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 D3 F/ v4 F. ]9 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨* h$ [( o, a z' P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓5 ^9 ]6 q, q* j/ i2 r; j
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. u, q0 W+ z: S7 d; Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴$ b Y; R+ r0 @* r! y Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* X9 t1 c# f" k ], r. zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; E4 j; i1 j- O; X- M+ o
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓2 ~1 R/ _/ F. T( f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观6 k4 z. b: }! U
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* Q" i( A3 v' @/ g: Q' N2 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓- _. w* n) v9 q! i8 v# K% `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 Y! n/ L4 j9 Q2 [ l6 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. b" A+ r- y/ r0 T/ A/ Q- nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群3 N# }5 Q! ^% m
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2 _2 J9 i5 G: D, I( h/ a$ D2 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓; s `" W5 ~7 W% A9 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ J; y) \0 T& z1 e% g. efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# N* {6 e; c: g J% H) O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨, E5 x* T0 ?+ `% {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼6 z; P" L. u+ g% _) t6 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. w7 q! L2 y- z( M: [6 O. Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 P# G F' X# O' f, [! Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤+ Y/ S6 b' b: T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 H' B6 p* Q2 U3 e* h$ ~, N
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! p0 T8 w1 l0 K; ]* j! t' T y" Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能- U2 v$ a3 D. y& q5 }/ b! Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" w1 n5 p0 I+ g/ Y
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3 ~9 V- J0 v" k, d) a/ a) ]+ nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒$ Q, Q# A# _& ?8 @2 u4 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 H% i$ D" ~4 R3 y* h, |' K3 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: h+ t. g* ~9 v' c' nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹. P" ]5 S! }, w! r
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ N0 [/ `8 Z6 `1 m4 f" r; p- [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人& M1 r$ Z a, @4 G! a) ]
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) j5 P- N K+ X7 H$ c8 W& Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪. W1 B$ k% o& a; Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ ~$ h) q9 Q* A* U
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( g% {5 I% v7 g0 R2 Z1 f- c# E' Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语) N! g1 Z1 X! j5 J4 ]- d4 ], mmso-font-kerning:0pt">.+ Q6 n4 T* x) ?: S. Q0 e) [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 q" j* M& g) J+ umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。; ~& J4 ^6 \5 }6 g5 E2 h2 x: t6 B/ K
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* L; ?7 `6 n8 g5 UTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：7 X2 E# x4 T; d% S8 ?% H
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: G9 }# m5 p5 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。8 K$ K9 _9 a& X Omso-font-kerning:0pt">: w6 a1 o; h9 x9 t$ ]* g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用4 G( H" B6 c2 T1 p# p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊( m( _0 }* M/ L, ~- D) omso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; W2 e0 }0 v6 @( B) @4 ]
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I: D- N( n \# a3 {0 l/ GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理5 q5 `5 n$ U5 D& p0 v! P; @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。0 L; n% T. p9 P2 }% X# w
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/ W& T8 M+ J% I% vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱' q; d- f4 V* F5 r" Y0 z) xmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 Q/ w6 `* [& c, |" O$ c
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$ z: r# [! L9 [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧& z" e1 b( F& v) a7 x
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
