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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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1 L5 T/ k: H$ F# H! N& iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 @1 I6 ]* I5 P# Y% fmso-font-kerning:0pt">21 y- X* u3 A6 U
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2 T, k. g; m5 i) P. F. Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% ?3 Q4 u: o) _0 q& h2 P: R& gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 i N* y8 M: ?) d: t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。2 Z2 i" U3 t6 d, k, b) ]; j% c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。$ ]+ b, a! O( \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' M" P2 `8 E: a) {' |, xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% e( M. X/ k3 k6 s. J
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$ J7 {5 E+ W8 g: a9 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经& p" o1 S1 H- \$ e4 K [
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& I; b; P9 A+ c0 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。$ Y; H. K+ Y6 }& S& Q, `1 X2 F6 {) Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是: C" ?% A8 @* U
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6 M3 O$ k, M9 `6 v7 \3 a \; ^5 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。 O9 N8 Y# E0 H- [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？( Z9 @0 y3 ~% C* g9 ^
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' @$ t( A, a9 x2 I9 G* w: q. UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思， s) S0 \" `7 |0 C. @ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"2 ~- o" i* U3 j$ F+ R V. J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。, g3 x" r" m% d) Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐( y& ~' L7 f( D" f" }1 U; d10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! k" |' I/ I- t* L+ m. H% `0 m
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. v( ~1 u& _! @5 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种& g" p6 v, D n/ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ j: k4 @# u' n- k+ {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 N9 ~9 @; N0 u$ {
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# k. |* R0 d2 |. }1 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的# u+ F2 P; v- x+ c2 d! G+ X9 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ | H4 e& I& \
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2 U' p; S4 f/ ~& D3 J2 C3 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐, x/ C$ y4 h kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 P+ R1 z; C5 J7 j4 J0 Q; rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 a8 ?2 U* Z/ L) b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，4 C: r# a2 W9 S+ ~6 x
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6 j2 ]& U9 u; p2 y$ O4 w( O" o2 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。0 s8 H! J' _1 m2 `1 E% ~0 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌. `4 o3 u1 M: m0 }/ g. |- j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗 H9 p3 |1 G3 {" I! Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”( Q3 H, n7 t9 k' Q, R3 M5 E f$ H- f* j" p
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# a& X- }( {: \! k8 H' a1 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：/ P5 m0 F4 z) [4 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- ]& G- V5 H/ \, M: V, Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。1 {" ^; |9 L' F5 G1 A$ b; c& B! y8 A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 C# ]- {7 J, M( h2 k( {; Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">•# d o# ]) c& M9 Y6 Z$ ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 s4 h$ b% R1 ?1 a6 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。; l9 M9 U' y0 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ k" ?' u0 X* m+ R7 z: d. c8 @/ Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 g, d @( ]+ s" gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语- U) ?. |1 P* K! W# L5 B' o9 T& umso-font-kerning:0pt">•% ]. k+ H: g/ Q9 X" Q4 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" _( r/ R7 s# I {, R+ a5 a( `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过; v& ~$ U) k/ p6 o7 o: T/ ^4 w. Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 q7 P. T3 c2 V
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- v, Y( ?4 k+ R6 [4 q' Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨4 }+ X8 s, D( c B# M
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+ I6 u8 Y% T. Z2 ~1 U' Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人: c0 q6 ^# l; h; F) m$ Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ r6 y) O! K+ p& A* z$ z
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. w" g: l% s9 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。; R$ R5 V% x4 ~, o, \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。) R7 c- C- V. X0 G1 \7 b6 g% j8 I, x
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5 B1 k5 P( M9 p/ Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。! b. I( u8 G; T4 c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。+ r- ?- q% r8 L( z! f1 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 k$ W0 m8 X+ @8 C5 B
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9 z. H) j" J4 a* r: Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃: W" ?5 m- c4 c* a& a) _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" R" p/ ?: d3 ^
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' \1 D4 ^7 X. w& z- k6 t0 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”5 ]2 \# }7 S+ n7 Y7 o3 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">——; _; ` n3 u' G8 @% `
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0 E, Q4 e) L% I( ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。' ^. r, E2 q$ P1 `mso-font-kerning:0pt"> " a& n9 Z+ U) `! P8 z
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9 O& k: F) l( R6 E: s/ Y4 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。7 L! O+ a, g; a8 R: N. r
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0 {" v- X. X+ c+ X3 u8 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于9 [2 o9 N) t* ^' V2 k! N, ^$ R7 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 D8 C. H2 ]7 K( Y, l' H( N
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* x6 W2 x! f3 V& H, T% ?: _! Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓% w2 i- Y, O' @+ n: M
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% K$ U' E3 Q7 L, Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓 l7 }6 ^) g. F5 V% S6 o3 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓8 _4 c9 D! F( f/ z6 e9 `
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0 L$ R" g) s1 e( n& kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓* I3 y" O$ p# m9 f _/ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( P2 g$ b, L. y( e- N. Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) Y( s, M$ f' K; K5 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨# ^5 S1 m% H) r) j1 }% `3 S
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0 t" R; G" t2 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼" k- E7 [- n+ T& \( F. Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) u; m* u1 _. j9 u9 U: x. Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 `0 A' y& }/ d- Y8 W, i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤3 H% ~' B& i. D2 k
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: L9 j* ^8 G# h' }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# C8 z; m5 j- ~1 n# D* R3 P' w, Amso-font-kerning:0pt">.5 U! z# n( ~6 n6 [7 h
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+ o, }" E6 d0 P! emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能5 }: t G" Q& g7 i* y" E6 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 O/ A( x1 D5 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒9 l, q% }) j( w" C" n( S& Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" O# t) A1 T, `9 `. Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; p, _ @, W0 c( S2 E6 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹: C4 ~( p$ U: O3 l0 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">.$ l2 C2 p. M( [, B8 a8 N, x4 {1 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 i$ |) A) u1 J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人7 Y5 u5 q& q5 S1 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* ~3 a* {0 m1 ~/ @: @3 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 Z8 S9 Q5 P: J2 M Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪/ s# b. A: d/ m: m4 y$ Y4 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。6 a" F$ c2 J* }3 C) |7 \6 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。5 E! N" t2 H& _; {9 ]8 o
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9 R6 e& i! e; d X9 ^4 c9 |, jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。# F$ ]! j/ h. {+ E
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% [2 O3 z8 ]. J# w+ C; F5 _) z$ JTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：/ S, h1 A) h4 _ D' v7 i! ^' A
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6 h" ~$ v. ]% ]. F. U+ i& XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧+ A, h' ~1 R4 E: D; W% g3 b! K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等: n) V" j( { D8 w* J
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：0 {5 V, B$ R+ x5 l/ H, s( z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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