跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

( b1 f- m' A, a) g" t, n3 a1 X5 L mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网, h+ |( j. }6 I$ h1 F mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ# X) T/ ^9 w) d8 F: X: G font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / Q0 M7 Y2 b0 n7 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。! M5 g5 d* C2 ^; s" \mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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6 G3 Q. u6 \/ L; s( sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 S z, c1 E& R6 x8 D/ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：" Q5 n. h' @; Z" v+ smso-font-kerning:0pt">

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% t! {6 _. A( k J Y& P/ Q 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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8 l" o7 x; E; ~) J' h, R, q7 y o1 G font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第# p _0 Z+ \6 ~/ a- g8 {3 M mso-font-kerning:0pt">51 e' @2 |' B2 c6 d9 c6 j& o% y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 z0 B1 _0 ^: @ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：; o3 v& z% v) W mso-font-kerning:0pt">

) ?5 G$ B5 L7 f8 Z" `2•5 $ J( N, u# u) N Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：: s& d* k. }0 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( G, g `, K+ p, u2 p* w' A) e mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。; F! j. ^/ k# pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) l* `- r% `% H( H& i mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：) @" B4 _' P# @4 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: u3 L1 z$ ]2 k5 T) k8 u mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。 j0 b$ @, t! n9 W8 e Q- T* w( t color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( \& U' \3 m% p4 o' ]Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：7 r; e$ L4 z4 h# f: d" T+ O4 z mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ F- c" L+ `! x- k% p7 Q mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ( u: p% y5 X! L$ M1 t& q. B pmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？# e3 l$ m* ~( f& }% K4 z4 R mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) W* e9 Z, h( o+ B& mmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 5 Z8 w; c" t. O; Amso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：! y8 s3 Y5 F. x) h6 X mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 h. ]- H z; {3 N& d$ H; W mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: ]* I+ [! b1 Z( Y4 D" T# ` color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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: U- Q, h+ }$ B2 _: [2 W; fTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。6 ]1 W8 w& r) Y, a. X* P3 E# [mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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L) q- O7 \1 U; s9 HTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：, k( Z0 Z6 \, t, \6 G& p' L10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& a; @% b- R( @( s% f' |- m8 Xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。7 o; b. r/ p! { K. V* e# X. B10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ e& ~/ ] a) S: r mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：6 p; K4 G: {! @% h 0pt">"' V1 Y: a: o0 b mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: , I6 f* g C M* ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。; j$ V9 j1 }% X! X mso-font-kerning:0pt">"% W: ? i; U& z5 ^$ e: Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; [% W% d. w; J- f1 Z4 q6 M# r+ smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：# ~& B2 ~4 t4 b! Y0 I: Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 e# L& ~, L O) h* U/ V8 Y9 K+ } font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢4 T9 V% J( o6 a0 l1 @) Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 7 O' P, W+ e' p# Z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ' N2 f1 K3 z; Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：2 F1 p9 ^! b; v' ]# _# \ mso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 A3 x( ^1 o5 V5 ~$ X font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - s0 Y( Y3 b7 I* m6 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。) d8 a2 _, u* I; _& G; r mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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/ K9 r! m2 k/ w) O5 m0 N- \ p H- U/ K; _" J10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : ]9 j: X! {. W5 g1 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是0 j: _/ t3 t' O: {2 d# Y; e 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 j; ~& U2 F0 S g6 l p font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # L! p, n' k' j. t" j; b }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违- u9 D% Q o _$ @8 G 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: ?$ `" j+ j% E7 r" y5 s @8 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？6 }0 Y- j; G, @0 @10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 S" _0 g/ W! l+ F! C 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
8 f8 D0 Q3 P- H* u8 TTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / ~1 ^7 ]% E& x% _+ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得8 \$ X6 _) d' Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 x( w* A) A) q) O( O8 ~7 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 3 e1 ?& o c( ~2 I' C! B) Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违) u/ I. @/ X! I2 U4 B: mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ ~2 v8 `6 F2 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 7 S r9 ^( {! ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲- ~0 {, U- D+ A+ ~" i; x mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 O5 R4 R( F9 P7 u$ Y+ E9 Q/ wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 j( V$ R: Z3 l$ b% z( v2 ]0 P: X1 v8 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违# \8 ?" b6 z, B% R4 m mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* W! n. b! |* N/ Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，. N" B( H( I1 J" E mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 S7 n" ]* Y+ e9 ~% U- zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' `) ?& v# s% L) u4 h" m mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 O2 U$ j5 O. {( J1 m5 Q% B! S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; Z4 ?$ M2 ?+ f! Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 o& b2 z+ f+ p3 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">

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2 \# f9 I5 G1 Z) }! [$ k' _3 K. B- }/ o9 n; t; q' U( T% s 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ' ?8 x- d( ?; Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？1 R( X% T( L" g$ P# y* B, k 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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2 a( |$ C! l3 LTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。6 B# H. e' w, h i# g5 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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; V: x! K8 T* ^& z }% Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 p4 Z: i% o2 I ~% `5 `4 j: G6 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：/ a) x! c3 @# ^3 w; K+ @ mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 s) U) x5 x& Z' F2 L' Q7 ~mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: / g( `/ U( n" q, R8 P6 [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义" D7 _5 S* h$ E7 x$ q: t9 V mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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J9 X) w+ M- `: i0 G. y, y7 x mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: H0 O+ F7 S1 h5 K$ b$ ATahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：8 t" P; ^8 e- I, H k/ q( S. }0pt">

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$ c$ S' M; R4 z Rmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！- l' }- v J8 x M# y) z; v8 d mso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ q- C7 h }/ W- `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。2 C2 q2 L1 i }) l8 Y5 S0 R% Omso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 }: n: l+ N. p font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：; q$ ^% d# \4 T" @) I% D5 X3 x mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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$ M" q U7 K$ J7 w$ c" j9 ?2 z% } mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ! W/ M. T n8 |& o* LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) b' O% v( a' V mso-font-kerning:0pt">26 m; D: {/ z4 a1 v, j4 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊: l- U* K* K K- F5 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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6 T- |* _8 H% S8 }, D' _' P. P mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。1 Q; N3 i% I$ J" f( [+ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# Y: K/ e. B B4 C! L' G font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。, {& m/ M! E1 E" s; d- R+ f% qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ P- h- ]0 i8 d/ f: Q0 H( ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 h( w. p3 w% O0 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：7 f1 B7 v5 c0 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& U1 ?7 S J b$ q. @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。% L/ E6 h7 D& Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ \& m6 w" d# S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个4 R0 N( I5 D) Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 g: p" G$ K8 g! W/ E: `, \9 F) Y% v1 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬$ z' X( g `! Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, l& ~% s5 m( {6 U! {$ m font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为- @7 y ?: C! q; J9 g mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 f: |3 H( i6 a: n; q+ Q/ f font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道0 ? _6 N' M- H# _% Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 z) j9 y9 x6 ?3 o+ P( N2 h: j: ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。# V* ?/ \) u6 X mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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6 j6 a' e# R7 j, p& c7 J# b. |) Wmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：3 C3 X0 t- P( n; x2 }/ n9 I 0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服