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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网, h+ |( j. }6 I$ h1 F
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/ Q0 M7 Y2 b0 n7 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。! M5 g5 d* C2 ^; s" \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 S z, c1 E& R6 x8 D/ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英:" Q5 n. h' @; Z" v+ smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第# p _0 Z+ \6 ~/ a- g8 {3 M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:: s& d* k. }0 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( G, g `, K+ p, u2 p* w' A) e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。; F! j. ^/ k# pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) l* `- r% `% H( H& i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:) @" B4 _' P# @4 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: u3 L1 z$ ]2 k5 T) k8 u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。 j0 b$ @, t! n9 W8 e Q- T* w( t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:7 r; e$ L4 z4 h# f: d" T+ O4 z
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( u: p% y5 X! L$ M1 t& q. B pmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?# e3 l$ m* ~( f& }% K4 z4 R
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5 Z8 w; c" t. O; Amso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:! y8 s3 Y5 F. x) h6 X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。: ]* I+ [! b1 Z( Y4 D" T# `
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。6 ]1 W8 w& r) Y, a. X* P3 E# [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:, k( Z0 Z6 \, t, \6 G& p' L10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& a; @% b- R( @( s% f' |- m8 Xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& ^9 L; X1 {! K4 X8 w" ]) i
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。7 o; b. r/ p! { K. V* e# X. B10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ e& ~/ ] a) S: r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:6 p; K4 G: {! @% h
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, I6 f* g C M* ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。; j$ V9 j1 }% X! X
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[% W% d. w; J- f1 Z4 q6 M# r+ smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:# ~& B2 ~4 t4 b! Y0 I: Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 e# L& ~, L O) h* U/ V8 Y9 K+ }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢4 T9 V% J( o6 a0 l1 @) Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 7 O' P, W+ e' p# Z
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' N2 f1 K3 z; Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:2 F1 p9 ^! b; v' ]# _# \
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- s0 Y( Y3 b7 I* m6 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。) d8 a2 _, u* I; _& G; r
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: ]9 j: X! {. W5 g1 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是0 j: _/ t3 t' O: {2 d# Y; e
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/ ~1 ^7 ]% E& x% _+ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得8 \$ X6 _) d' Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 x( w* A) A) q) O( O8 ~7 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 e1 ?& o c( ~2 I' C! B) Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违) u/ I. @/ X! I2 U4 B: mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ ~2 v8 `6 F2 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 S r9 ^( {! ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲- ~0 {, U- D+ A+ ~" i; x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,. N" B( H( I1 J" E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。' `) ?& v# s% L) u4 h" m
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Z4 ?$ M2 ?+ f! Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 o& b2 z+ f+ p3 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。6 B# H. e' w, h i# g5 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 p4 Z: i% o2 I ~% `5 `4 j: G6 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地:/ a) x! c3 @# ^3 w; K+ @
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/ g( `/ U( n" q, R8 P6 [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义" D7 _5 S* h$ E7 x$ q: t9 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!- l' }- v J8 x M# y) z; v8 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。2 C2 q2 L1 i }) l8 Y5 S0 R% Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! W/ M. T n8 |& o* LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) b' O% v( a' V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊: l- U* K* K K- F5 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。' a$ V7 h6 z7 p7 D# f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。1 Q; N3 i% I$ J" f( [+ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# Y: K/ e. B B4 C! L' G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。, {& m/ M! E1 E" s; d- R+ f% qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ P- h- ]0 i8 d/ f: Q0 H( ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 h( w. p3 w% O0 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:7 f1 B7 v5 c0 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& U1 ?7 S J b$ q. @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; [ s% h& R) o* @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。% L/ E6 h7 D& Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ \& m6 w" d# S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个4 R0 N( I5 D) Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 g: p" G$ K8 g! W/ E: `, \9 F) Y% v1 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# S1 b; w. ?- v: f) z$ K5 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为- @7 y ?: C! q; J9 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。# V* ?/ \) u6 X
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1 q, t7 U5 n: H6 Y, o; G& k2 RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的( T g- s7 h! \' z$ l
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