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% ?8 @& ~5 n8 d# B6 s; H% A9 q% K( a! [Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网1 \# Q: @% B$ L0 G
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/ s: L7 S7 d) Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。. i: {1 v* ~) h$ X4 r
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6 N5 ]7 Q" [. Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! ?4 l; o0 g, P3 |0 x4 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">57 I; f; e% x2 o+ ~2 H. H3 d
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0 E; B# \& f" w u6 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：" P1 L$ G) P: t- l1 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& A. J, g/ N" N
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7 F1 Q; o" z% r7 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。; t, F1 z- R) m* Q( G; f2 k+ I" k
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* a* w/ \2 u2 T' v; ~ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰： M& T4 `. ?& o7 G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。3 a, k9 n+ f f) W- w2 a# n& J! o2 b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？) A5 P$ i" ~& R1 x$ Y8 I; W3 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”; T5 L' x, ~! o' D: \6 U! zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
& F4 U6 @* @ j/ Q' `1 O4 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：1 @3 N; g( W' K& b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。+ J5 X7 R4 Z9 U
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3 N% l' _; E% E' T7 H# w! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。1 e3 {3 ?! g' g& S$ ~9 J# ]
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; S; Q* z) x+ e! |& V* _) }mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：2 b; D/ H7 X* a8 j& }+ f
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, I+ Y6 y" E- u3 U: q* emso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。" [8 Q6 {, U3 @' C. v- [7 P* y) j2 r
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" e5 l( i4 ?+ {& U4 i$ a" A" Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：" O' a1 W, D" @9 B0pt">"/ D* q+ }1 J! O2 b3 k8 dmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
% ] x, Q( {7 JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。" m1 P+ e8 _3 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">". `# c& ^) o5 O R" G# q4 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ i O9 J2 R: f" l& ?* D" y( dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：# p. W$ O* U7 C, \$ q, q% qmso-font-kerning:0pt">": L# |: l. w$ o* p
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! s! e; d7 W7 I3 @0 w# j9 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢! x- ?6 B1 d: ]! i, H3 Q9 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 0 J- H+ w# b2 }9 c8 H8 c/ N, {$ @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, N4 ]8 j e' H9 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 B0 ~5 Q* T& z8 ]6 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。3 x0 G( }9 E, O! X, x" d- u. [
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% ~* F6 h4 C# G% pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是* f0 E3 P4 V+ E: e. U! a6 `) I. Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得* O, v" I) s" B' P& _% H! P6 y
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: d0 x0 B! U: o1 l/ O) o" omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违# d T; ] ^- _8 u# w! vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- Q! o. b6 m7 ]4 I( x# Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 J5 [ }' B5 N* K: h8 h2 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲4 P9 P5 O- x$ c# x* v$ }3 `9 k, E2 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% B9 T9 e( E& e1 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，: Z/ }: }% C4 j8 s1 {- R( kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 z' w* Y6 f+ @, J; _' B
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) @2 p! e0 A8 U% P7 R5 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 e* s- z. h K, u: t7 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; @* A* D' L: j5 c; afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) g6 F9 v \& C( p+ D0 R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。# l p3 d+ j' b9 c. J" `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。+ A7 y9 Q1 I8 z; D& l; \2 I: jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# m- L! B! ?5 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：" x+ \* E; E. s9 r9 w) b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义7 ^; }+ G- K7 n* y- @ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) z5 k- ~0 y; x2 r; Q( LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！' d& R `* Z0 a2 C: a% r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。+ Q* }# }1 i D) `: imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述1 t$ I% ?4 X9 u, x2 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">2 h! j4 R. f" `0 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 G- j- H$ K4 X3 x9 p- V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊6 y3 t2 s: }8 q3 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。/ w7 E. |' C$ ^$ x: @9 [
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孝经
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9 r! A2 o( v" a1 G& d9 {' eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。' H7 l0 ~! s- rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 _" d6 x) K& v5 B$ M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。, J1 c3 C0 T7 r, n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说： _3 C* F9 L% p: jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 h. m4 F1 p+ g' I( M, h% U3 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 Q: M, W. p2 R* [; Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。: L2 h. r4 Q* X& ~3 D0 ~4 R% [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 D* O" e; T ]1 ~' T# e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个5 p" a% \! k) M3 x/ G+ C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬7 H$ D7 G; a! Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 q; M& Y3 @! i% y/ T0 `4 M. |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 D# n. |, K/ E, p( vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为, P" @. p8 X; Q g+ P) Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* U( ?! Z" J" `+ C7 p: K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道 B$ `0 Q- b& F; V+ r0 e- `2 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”! q. ~* o6 ], e6 P. [( Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 |2 F& }6 R7 B4 B' I- [7 N& bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。( M! h0 }! B2 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 ?. E. a, f! o' r. }: m; t7 ~! e8 h' ETahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：/ R7 A I1 R- v5 x% P! Z$ I1 ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的, ]% g5 d" d$ F" p" c! i0 E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思) [" T& |0 i$ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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