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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网8 X" I! V" b/ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ( ~5 I# b6 O! l; [! Y8 A
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. d9 d8 H$ X( \$ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。, O( j( `4 C) W5 c4 G" k8 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& t4 o: Q, D3 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：4 V; W9 Z% {! _; S, ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; |* R6 R, f9 [% b/ @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第, y0 c* @9 d. c5 I6 umso-font-kerning:0pt">5& \" v7 y* S }$ M6 t$ ]! k" v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：4 c( C4 Z. w+ A+ G. n; m( p) ?
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, x, ~; w. V9 c# W) s# m1 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：! O9 K, U8 O! N4 c+ k7 N) V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。+ ]7 r8 p( J: p; R+ q! B
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" z k8 [$ h& y8 L2 Z; l$ L1 A6 L Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：! A' P% ^- N0 P2 E- |. D' Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' H: C( Q& ^+ W9 {1 ]+ bmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
. K# K- S, `) wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。+ T D$ l h7 A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：) Q+ ^, y4 o/ t1 B* \, kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ b/ `2 j2 h# _% l4 i* ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？2 d: @5 Y5 k$ L; \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ F8 | G1 T# [( D4 H
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+ w" n) \) ]9 ~3 amso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：- N* u: p. _! k" ~, Q3 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 Q0 Y+ }* H j$ K3 T) G# U" Ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& a- `- S# h/ Y2 E! T9 s3 h, T
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) l' z4 O9 W' b4 ycolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。4 k+ j+ w( ?! {5 t0 g2 e d @
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" i/ H+ S. S; Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：! y5 d, U0 G& x* D10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; W0 q, o% ^8 t2 K4 X, W" G) x! z$ ]mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
( k' f& A' a1 Q' N! [. Smso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。- M4 r4 |$ N' }$ _, X+ ?
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* V$ L3 c' W9 H- |mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：4 }5 }: {+ n8 b" w
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; Y @" B1 x) T$ r/ E& h+ YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。7 E- J/ ?* d7 x! y1 ?' u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：- `5 D1 q. ^1 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢6 E' O/ S( O4 `$ I0 ~) d
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. l- a1 G5 e- t8 I7 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：* {4 J9 n. [7 P, k
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+ ^+ z' D; C- H' qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。5 A' u8 e8 F* j" x, G, dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是0 p& I( w/ J* n5 X6 a10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- D& _- [) |' Q9 O/ t$ v# K @ Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 U4 E9 F$ J# s
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# S% O; A; C7 c) Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得+ u- L& ^ C6 \% z& d) {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 N# O% q% f! {6 `' ^/ l, ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲) k/ G. ^. t3 B" O9 I1 ]1 ]" r# O D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼， s. o, T9 d% W- w" m* Z8 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。; h( I9 j) \6 Y7 p% ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 z) Z( Q' W9 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？; U }8 `2 W8 C+ N6 [) U; m! U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。: Z ^- T4 z8 [% N6 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：1 f8 x- J% H9 Q9 m7 J2 X9 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ |2 J) r, e; n' b) Q9 j l1 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义3 f/ m$ P0 H& q3 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ {- O' }) r- h, y8 T( [; VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！' _9 ~' w x1 w3 i- E& o! J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。! ^9 X [! ?2 C7 K5 ^8 l+ S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述/ y; h% q9 ?( h1 H7 z' ?6 z$ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">2. n" u: }$ t* @. G2 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) J( N- y R- Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊& {# Q2 _4 d0 e" j7 r2 ~6 D+ S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。% t2 I6 j/ R+ q# {9 x% T5 L2 K( Z, Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。) f5 x0 D! C9 }0 u: D' K ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 y9 `$ `/ P( B* r3 v7 U6 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：' v/ ?4 J5 s) B; p* w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。1 E: C9 p* q' i! e
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& }0 U2 v0 j. b" Z' wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个" `4 U2 P! g' g4 o& k" w+ @
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+ i* B" B+ M* }% J' Q+ G; @$ Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬6 ]% M# h- ` v6 r& lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* @1 t" i9 \' a) Z% Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 J! ^% k+ B4 t- jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为6 g* e/ A5 o% Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 N9 D& X1 G4 P+ w& m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道* W- F, v% U- v" A+ {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。3 f+ i; M- x# z+ U$ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 g% R0 |& n! v; }4 |8 c" YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的4 l. e' t2 B0 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思7 q% t4 f" e: \: z( e% Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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