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5 r+ z9 g5 @( Q7 ~" lTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网 Z7 `( `1 R% E) \6 S; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ3 _5 r; K' q$ G0 K+ | z# Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ W7 ~3 U1 E* mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。2 b7 T @4 F- A+ ]7 W5 l, S, ^
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0 g# h3 l6 f- u' wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：5 V) {3 `9 f* D4 ]8 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 e7 T0 i8 V: d0 I/ I! a ~: Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 L, p! {* Q( x3 Z% F" {) r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：! X( s; N! Z" t4 m r- Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: A) e0 f/ H( w5 _mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;2 h, p; H, k1 _% m i% x
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。, S* A u; E E! ?. W8 C! e+ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 a# F# o! `, n5 u- l
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# l; ^4 W& k7 v" N# ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：8 ]$ h: c% {) z' a x6 B- [4 S
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5 g6 x+ i6 W+ E8 V% J- m( jmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。0 Y; K9 T! U0 _5 }$ mcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( a& X( C" N" S: vTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;% `4 {* X& m# }- i- C9 F K z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：0 x j4 j0 ^/ t( d8 p* C$ Y3 \" j# Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& [. m) [# |: G3 F: V. ]mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
5 _, v; f* l5 n1 o: K( emso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？ B6 T9 C( Y7 Z/ R. Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) J/ j9 v% i8 m- v5 x3 ^. V! \3 c
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 u9 a7 K1 Y, b+ s. E& {4 i. `% |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 O# {6 b7 {& {7 `& s1 Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;. h; v% e% Y( H1 g" j" X6 t, }) N
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' U n: _7 g6 _
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$ X* `7 w/ P' \ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。$ B! e0 K+ d+ r/ q# a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：0 s$ c1 Y$ U6 B: t+ S3 O) w10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: M5 H. I$ |8 U; I% f/ |( P8 Z4 {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。: J' z- \" t0 i W' }& n0 k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：2 ?1 U; m% U: B& O. S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。7 y1 G1 _2 }: rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"* b, ?9 M6 n* @- q( F* q4 K! F
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; d/ L* J0 ?1 K1 q! c2 W5 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：" ?3 X& L K. D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢8 ~/ b- r, x0 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 v7 D2 Q! ]2 S8 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 J+ g; O7 u0 V; A- _- r7 K8 N1 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; c% G! }8 S# tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。2 t3 Q* d7 |( H( ~9 x: L3 ^- u; m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是" M9 |! w2 E( p0 b7 y; q5 Z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' X" o! k& N! }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) l5 n/ Q: w4 Y$ O7 |+ u/ @
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' T. w, r2 t. _, |mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得. G$ ~2 U; a+ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 m5 ~" l7 d8 w( S m; c6 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) F7 h; K8 c! Y! J2 O; ?( G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违) Q4 ~; t5 w) t# C$ Q# c* B2 ?
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1 h$ x# c% r0 o6 K2 u6 P; [1 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲3 D/ Q: K, c$ N) E2 H0 x# d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，- w( d; G K/ O( \! ]( c; F4 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ L) D9 i8 b# _' L/ O, lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 X) |/ M7 q& E) `: Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* V0 E6 `7 X4 E0 T2 ?+ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。9 C" _: \9 m4 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？( F; T1 r0 @7 ^6 b+ [
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6 j! |1 A1 h) ~9 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。$ A' `* R5 J7 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义4 j, N! L6 W t7 y9 x& }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！. V( A3 d% C3 _: O+ x$ T' v
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6 N& Z( N9 l% imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。- D4 U5 j9 Q: p7 M# {% I0 J! P
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% g/ @$ A0 R/ X9 T9 P9 k' ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述3 v/ @! s3 ]" x9 E
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/ b% ~) t. ] Z5 h5 C/ ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊: i* P; Z4 w5 Z1 ^2 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 Y0 i( e0 N; w4 lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。; e( C9 U. c7 W
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。" W' e% I7 }- W! S2 x9 h
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7 ~3 Q/ y# u: Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。% a# C; y3 B. C' p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：) m* a9 W, Z- Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“) m1 d# f/ K9 ~7 `" [4 d7 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。' j% e* }5 k- c9 P
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; J; G' H$ l. n" N# X5 {0 u4 \3 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个% A& V% R) h W; Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ z" ~8 Y: }1 E# ~, \* ~9 l- Z1 R0 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 d! i+ g/ b b v" u8 W( N9 e# M7 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬/ o* R [! z2 O6 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 e5 W. x4 d& ~: W6 V5 N: Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, ^% U5 j+ {$ l3 ]- l1 U3 N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为+ f9 T7 i6 ^. l. s5 y5 |5 O5 o, }
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( }6 @( Q6 {( G( C# b* Z: Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道) b7 `3 _& N! C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。9 [+ ?4 R* j7 f* V6 e% w
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9 z. `" u, V# c* VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的7 A& ~& V9 {" h+ M- V# t ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 M6 C# ^+ ^; d( M6 R" \4 a2 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- [! t: k8 k! D1 j) [0 M8 V
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: Z8 C1 l2 t* K* {& Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思$ c4 u8 h" E6 O; M& hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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