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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： c0 j9 _$ ~& n7 a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第# F9 y. k2 ?0 @5 Y9 e. L6 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">1: G C" l; p: d7 F6 L( Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' n/ D7 v9 N: I
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! G" L9 f* P* E6 u' S' @mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。/ A. A q0 q& x2 |$ m3 q# h7 _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。# f" y$ A7 F5 U$ |0 {# ` D5 _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。2 F9 `5 B+ ?" E$ _. a2 m2 S1 M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？3 z% E( a" T* u/ c3 V4 Q4 U) s
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' j- I5 r0 d' k6 A P9 k" k. hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。; z( {2 Y3 p# b: Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服) O5 j( D% p9 S; G/ Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢- \# p: I) ^. ?3 _3 S& f( o
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5 N# \ k" e# t2 T& Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的2 E. q; ]( A3 M. i! T% u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。+ D& s9 ^6 J2 G& l# d! d: h; L% N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新8 d" _. p8 N# x: @$ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! T! ^# ^! M f- a: U8 L4 q. h6 Z+ uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白9 n& y) N8 z9 z5 I6 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学% [' M0 ^- U: W- a k3 o7 cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 K' K1 M% Q+ H' q
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5 p' @5 P8 V+ n5 c9 [. rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？, ~6 K# a- e( g- v. D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说5 \* l5 r! K: H3 L8 p( `mso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 n+ }* n2 J* K8 p3 q4 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, @+ X) _" T3 z& c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。4 T8 l0 G6 V+ c6 @/ w) I" r, Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" B% ]" {- e2 P7 g3 _) S p
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊6 \ W- r& w: a7 }3 O, U0 }+ H
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2 Z' y% | [- [& k% C/ Y- |6 lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚2 S7 V4 N) a# @! C; T: X4 u# d* nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( [/ @: @- }( V% {
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！$ M8 [' \9 p. ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假- L; T9 K5 |' L1 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- H$ w% l z) D7 n' V7 WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是, i5 x/ Z l- U$ p6 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" t6 g. K6 W9 h6 F) `4 C& J6 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ c: U% N e' Y3 J* L& v A" Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题& i ?4 V4 F' H1 } i8 S; `2 G3 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”( ~1 x( r1 w4 u1 u: c, cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* a: g M) x* H) N, V5 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。# C* z; m- E7 W1 r6 ~" fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& c. B, J5 d2 h! @0 k# K
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" n" m* c1 @( ~& {. f G+ k7 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴6 d6 y, Q" \% G
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?1 C" {5 L* B" E. C" ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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