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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ( R6 p7 L; D. O% V6 o& B8 [ K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第3 f3 p8 a$ l, j; q omso-font-kerning:0pt">13 M/ t4 g. u& |0 r3 ^7 |
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0 A1 H: f, s0 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。1 H+ [& p. N0 x& F' O, [
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# n: f+ e: X7 v c* ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。$ v5 e2 J$ R" {; c' @0 o. }* Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：% J$ f$ Z2 ~1 {$ Z/ U+ Z8 m10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ I8 O! f' x- x% H" l
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' l6 ^9 x) w" J6 [. hmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。2 q& X6 L& S; m- O, o( Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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) c6 y" _/ v3 L9 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？ A3 Q- w, n$ ]* [2 w& t3 B" i6 ^color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。 M0 Y. r& O/ B/ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; a; A! V2 f8 S# nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# q- _4 p& X+ j% f2 }! }6 ^6 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢0 m3 d0 f- n( h' Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 h! w. _- {. Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ N. r& i' z+ n4 G. V, G$ W @
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7 r. G& _# H' K% E1 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的5 S2 X, W: {7 y6 v6 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 ^) @% l/ d4 s+ E0 V0 \. R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新3 Q9 V7 F1 D) `% r: C4 rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> : t# L1 K0 y0 u$ Z
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/ ]/ }" I* ]# p- k# c% w5 B, V; GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白8 y. C2 a% b8 _6 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学* Q9 P/ x+ @; `7 ^: ^, lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 [: Z* ]" g; a" M+ {" I' I! j* `+ ?
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$ a4 W% s$ i. {8 V z. h4 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么% U4 I* y- @7 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— c* h+ M- U1 e2 g* y0 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 N& A& p9 }" s j4 n
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？; I3 X7 c( t8 g5 P$ Z/ ]1 Y0 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ }* M) o! P8 w' B
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! p3 @. t( [7 C5 p7 q& lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”( X* t' l( H: \5 J: ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">——' }" @7 `- v. e8 h7 \0 O; dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 j5 I6 C' A1 t( h
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说, v' Z. E' a! x" h' k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善' c4 Y: Q" \" c$ O: j$ t0 `2 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 5 z8 a4 i5 u% ?6 E1 z2 M- u) Lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚4 t$ u) }* [. C q, ^; _mso-font-kerning:0pt"> " W/ r I/ X: e l) q8 Q& }
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& j" Y3 Y/ p/ Q& n& J4 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！. V# \5 r1 K4 r1 m% P$ Q4 P; a/ `& Zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> & `! {% A" q8 G/ P u! }
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7 f4 U& A9 Y( S: a" sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假3 Y+ C' ~7 k3 Q7 a$ d1 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是4 f/ w8 _% \% y! ?: }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. O% m5 Y( ^5 C+ \5 @9 z+ u- pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; }- [; }/ Q' a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题8 v3 ?1 S9 i6 Q! Z/ m4 g% Z, `* rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: D/ [9 E: z( S7 R ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ v1 E1 {/ I/ Z7 D& imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。/ S( W4 x8 t5 O' b+ n7 m$ z: Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 N9 V2 t9 |% u$ E, K: K
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# z' Y6 s& A, i8 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴8 q# I% u3 \+ A( S, N( B W- z# M/ Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& z& e* G6 M! u! p: vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; |6 N( m2 _ D4 t, Z1 T+ E
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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