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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： % y2 n/ `9 [! e
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- r" Q4 x# h+ U7 Z" Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">1+ V' ~' @! S' v/ @* {. z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：1 d! B; i2 E7 s0 z! P Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ `/ ^/ {0 |$ u. j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。! _/ I. |+ W' F; E6 `3 icolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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1 F' K9 T" C+ w: L" E' zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。) ]- w; Z1 @+ `2 I3 R3 J$ {
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9 C8 ~: u' P% W! f2 a. amso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。$ v+ }) \# C2 _* @$ d1 r3 B6 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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! p. Y* b9 S* u- A) tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。: v3 l+ n& j* v
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( K3 i* c# D0 a$ o7 m$ P) DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服* O/ Y& J; a2 E1 f6 M% }$ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 N' m% d; [* k8 G+ Q" e4 S$ YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢2 l# }9 k& o# G5 C7 z+ m3 |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 5 k/ F" v5 o: ~; D9 P
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4 q+ G1 R; C4 c J/ {: J% f3 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服* }/ m( D4 L/ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——( D: Q5 t) z' a0 f3 S( r) Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; n; \1 ?5 \: E2 G& v5 v, ^! o+ |8 {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的- ~6 s- } g7 B8 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"& ~: q2 y+ @6 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新9 r6 [4 T) G! L1 x' A$ L
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, v" W4 ^0 v& \$ F7 r" ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白1 r. t! N2 _- ^- H( q5 H5 Umso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 K0 k' L3 u& P! p7 f: j' L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学& C& r* ^1 _5 ?/ B+ o1 A' b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么% m& Z& h: f1 M9 J; e# ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 Z5 S5 i. H, B9 z' E5 F Y% Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* A/ v! Y$ p7 P5 G* E. T6 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？: S9 ^! f/ x' D! X1 ~9 [3 ^
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”+ {3 H" Y: W& w8 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: ~8 j& C: T2 u* G/ I/ i- j6 z+ ^4 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' W( a8 B/ Y& _; x3 o2 y, Q3 x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚; ~. F, L6 z' [2 r% R5 bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> / e; x! I& U: |# k! P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！5 E$ K) T3 F# ?7 b
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R& h4 H" T, l1 h6 \ B+ A$ tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是% a1 L0 R1 M2 V$ m2 @5 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题' T5 l% @1 O' `: bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 X- ?) f* x+ f! n8 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 r& _7 Y9 K B- @/ K' l
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。1 N. m* ?+ X Y/ y' r2 F
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m* s+ J9 F" G) c5 w- j/ @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴/ d Z2 e4 p% `, |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ g8 ?* C2 T& @" f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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