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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： + w1 U3 E+ s# [+ hmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 ?, T5 ]9 b) Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">1$ ?; K3 l6 {# o: M" |! c9 I& \: f3 O
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" e1 N# \( E7 L1 Y: w/ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。" Y, H6 r0 y6 g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。 B, d3 q# c+ o, b5 x
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) P! L2 f J9 ]- d' B6 |* |% Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：( U3 j3 W! E& @3 ]
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, G* f' o6 \ smso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。7 }7 V5 x& l) n3 ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？# v) t* l# V2 U+ @9 Y3 ]color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' p( m+ w0 }! \% T2 E' Y8 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。* ~2 h5 o5 W' {
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服/ a5 M' _1 N7 Y2 B9 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, d9 x5 _5 }, ~) bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢& v+ Z/ D @+ d, ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服* p, X( n5 X8 j" Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 c; X2 O& J8 t C/ b1 p
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' I& `2 i' \ x3 J* i4 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的* P" o: k( A9 Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。+ w4 T/ d" P8 q7 W3 Z2 p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白$ L, L6 {8 F2 r4 L: q' C) [8 l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学$ {* p: V% z% l6 `& F* @/ P
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. F# x t# I( T6 n/ v' Y. HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么; ], {7 Q! |& m) B* T+ zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 o" V, T' v4 V/ O1 C0 t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”- q+ @9 J1 b, n8 k. Y; O1 R7 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 [0 x9 i$ r+ ?7 i# [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说; Z9 v' F7 `+ D$ X E3 K% B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊- a3 O6 ~ D E4 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚" H/ r* D6 C# H" i. s, n9 M& ~ H- p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假2 z; s9 n; s8 C/ S
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5 \ I; Q8 E, Y4 |( s$ YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是 A6 R6 t6 W7 M# b+ O; Z( h9 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题* S ]6 b) C7 B: K; I" ?& Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 n* q# K$ c* y2 e4 T0 ^- m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。6 A! V- k7 T. x6 Z! kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- K9 b0 e6 f& h' e7 F3 Q
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8 R# q! f, \$ K8 N) T7 X. |( ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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