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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ! @- i- J) N- nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:1 S4 H1 C9 [$ N7 g) P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 v8 `( \ |$ \! x3 M; z' J; O
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* k& N; ~0 w# L5 t. Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。3 R& `4 e4 f1 [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。6 y- N8 {* O* N5 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ H& h; R9 v1 D+ k3 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：( j& ]8 @8 l7 y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。+ e, [3 _+ E- Q' T8 R+ m& r8 c2 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？) ~+ `6 a5 p$ y0 A9 q3 E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。" M' n; d, t" e$ F" m+ u1 omso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 X$ b9 v' D) N& {
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 X+ n9 d0 ^. Xmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % s7 _% D0 N* R4 ~$ y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢5 o& d0 O4 G/ y) U0 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服3 d, \% ] v5 I$ o3 w: U9 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的/ h: u' u: u' `- E m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。- U3 o* Y5 z) ]# Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白; ]. C j4 S. r( _% ^mso-font-kerning:0pt"> + P6 i8 d* D2 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学9 N2 t/ S- t) X& k+ smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”9 p( R1 U' E2 V# _( K" m! U$ Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. o1 _% g: A7 v# bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 Q7 B) `7 L- Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说1 n4 h) T! K4 [' T2 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"' q5 D) z6 }4 i/ d) b
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8 i' i+ I* t" }4 y+ d4 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚& h1 T3 ^/ c; N7 B* i. l7 gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> I W/ j: y3 C, y
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/ U T% k: `5 RTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地： Z$ Y( m/ \) b! z, H% b0 k0pt"> 5 R" v% v, Z1 U: u
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3 _; {( r2 @7 A4 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！' h$ ~# l6 c0 L9 x# Q8 `
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# H2 T. D1 b7 S1 T) ]: K# n: oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假! ]# r# K) N Y4 @mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! A4 k& m! f0 A9 k4 T% F( B
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9 p9 ?- q0 X x2 a, d0 n' zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是3 f8 i+ t4 F5 C `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* z5 S& G- S# ^: o" s
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g& g6 P& {( p2 b1 q; @1 x$ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题, O* f2 F! X6 O" \) ]
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$ u8 z4 x8 n, ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。& t6 q% C0 u% Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 l# Z, C3 A3 e# l4 l4 T5 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴& A+ q" u4 l7 b+ h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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