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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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6 A; o& x/ y. R* d/ [Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：5 f, r# A8 b# N1 v( H% q. T! a; @
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# K9 _( w& a. _# t/ @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ X- g6 c2 v0 f% E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：$ q5 z' l U' g3 p% i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。; q3 x* G$ s& u% k$ x6 C
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- C$ C0 n2 Y, X0 bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。7 y$ L8 t. g% ^ I1 v
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. x, \7 g$ u) ]; E0 A4 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">蔽% g% ?# y5 ` |& Q3 r. U
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. }" e8 ?0 R9 h& a4 v( Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经# J d6 F. o7 J2 A2 c( S- U0 ?0 t
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* y' Y: q0 O' z/ fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。; f" d! l4 \1 e$ g z2 [5 \: v: w1 k
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4 M4 Z% B7 j9 M. n$ {. ~+ ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" q. \; E4 L: \+ I, h5 Y' `
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是: l; D4 t2 V$ d: ^% F" D8 K0pt">‘5 D% [4 {0 a" O- x: |Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* m6 u) P+ l( e# H3 }/ ]! H) [
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& ~; q1 Y6 `0 a* bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？, r8 k( `( P4 e G/ w$ [& W1 I+ ]
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+ r. U. C9 s) H/ pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，- ]$ P# x) K' G0 c
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. Z' y8 B- a; J" vmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种' V7 o" s2 _2 v/ Q' w) fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 E! x! _" y, P3 Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 f9 x8 J: j8 s0 u
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5 ]- Y2 h7 [' V$ U5 s% v6 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的6 N3 Z0 J6 g1 imso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ a4 [7 B( [. o/ q4 Z6 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# ^+ |% r4 e; _ ]8 t
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# U- o2 Y3 z- r$ _: Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，. w2 Q9 h" ^3 V- f: ^8 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( c* z" a0 z2 M* s$ i
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0 h- e+ J. y4 U* T) m: E1 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教1 u6 L. p/ K; U- o" g: F
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; p% c/ @9 ~( a% G1 W! ]6 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。* u: Q, g% r* ]5 h+ E8 h! \
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. [/ e, @$ t: Z% y8 eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌" Q0 h! l$ r' U4 h' c. ?! Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视: b- X5 ^+ h- f- ~# k2 j( o; Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 l \" l- w& S; m( F6 j0 G5 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; {, m) K8 {' l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：. n# @5 n, m) t$ ^) `- d# X/ ~4 V( A8 C, ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% a, ^0 l6 D- R' h: M+ vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 [! q6 |" i0 D2 J5 W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。7 b* H \9 j2 _( A/ f0 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 Y* r8 N% ?& K; Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">•) u! ?! D/ I( B" `0 z7 G
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; w( U5 }# S* y5 y1 m+ s1 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）/ ?3 Y& l4 L" `7 k" J& Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 C+ ?* M/ I3 _3 x. P! W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。7 U. E8 w6 i S6 X1 `
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7 ?. d, k5 H2 |; C! _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过3 x/ Y( d1 M( T$ P) a' F; M. E7 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“- r, p6 Q+ L* w* Y; Y4 H$ Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; c# j: e0 Y7 T& V- d$ \5 A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨1 H2 m9 N6 s/ s1 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, i X4 d* a9 {* E, n7 e+ Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; O* O; |# v" c/ k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人( b2 b5 _, o( ?6 D p% h) kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* F9 S5 Y) P" C7 r/ }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 Z0 G+ n$ b/ J: o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。" v- p* k7 V1 Z8 J/ G6 p5 _mso-font-kerning:0pt"> / V# j: M3 }8 u7 F& e0 ~3 S% d6 ]8 Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。9 z _- i9 y3 n. i5 h" o3 `7 c$ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">" ^7 a5 F4 ?- {& n, v; _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。3 h+ n1 i: b$ t. hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> & c. f" T6 {& E& z
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9 u/ |4 p, \; {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。; t1 k( g# ~; D8 I. d! B9 p7 b9 x8 Q' u
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——% v( L& S+ J, y6 q! c- @' Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, m5 ?4 |6 Q" Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃6 d7 I+ C& @, N
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8 g: G; `) T; F. t4 c6 N0 u" ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了” T; c- n% u2 Q9 n2 B* E7 q
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2 H5 ^7 R, t9 |% [8 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。9 [' _6 R7 b8 p: R
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I# @" A$ r1 Q5 M& ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。+ Q) D5 o+ C4 D7 M: w Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- G. x F$ ^& Q5 K5 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 K: ]) ]% f$ O2 y7 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于8 w9 q5 ~# P9 B g. G( bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, \. T+ W) s5 Q1 H8 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨7 b) n( p1 X8 U4 P* p3 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓! J# l3 g" l6 Q4 \7 H4 O( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ w% F8 z6 k3 Y
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2 |1 Q. k" x; o N5 F) w; xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓* P5 `8 \# k O, W% ] d/ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 n" h; }/ E! v- n+ H* C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观# v4 h1 H! {0 }! O4 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( F2 |5 |" A0 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 `4 w( Q A$ W1 G2 P0 b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓% l, _* G, A5 a# \! O
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* ~% @9 f! x2 a1 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群' w, |, w0 h# ~1 `) ^: b) w6 Z+ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 |4 I3 L1 }) U* ? \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 F6 U6 q" B& f: C" h6 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓5 b, E6 X5 _, g& E8 \( fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ d, B: i! g# Z U4 Q9 z- n+ }, Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
A: n; p: ~' U8 u: nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨+ l+ I9 I& r& e+ |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼) T9 K' W8 [ W0 X0 A$ o) Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 D b& z% B& f6 z
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) d& A7 }" ~1 n; _- ]3 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语* I' ~' M3 v; S' v/ q. e( Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">.+ g( w |0 Z) [" t9 v, B
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1 ]; ]7 A1 C% I4 X$ j8 y- imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能- }1 K7 k! i9 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒3 A5 E, q3 N$ C# O2 |
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' b, w; b9 ~) y1 {) U- Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹; @7 x* w! J7 Y( fmso-font-kerning:0pt">.# c$ @/ L, N* c6 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人( U9 ~" G8 T, l6 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“) x/ C, `; q Y9 n
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. j% E4 d" ]5 i9 x9 Y0 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪, r9 Y4 k; c3 h T" bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ _0 I+ [9 y! S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。4 H! H M! D6 O. t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。0 o2 E- i! F3 e9 T5 |* |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理/ y; g! }0 w3 d
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+ ?3 C7 ~) q, q/ [- Q8 R- VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。' b o4 a3 ]6 }- z; |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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