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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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" D3 }( V* ^9 b( vTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：9 _7 R* y: u3 n3 _' ], L( I4 S5 f6 M0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! p+ c9 M E+ q7 |" F
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1 h8 j. p1 a4 M& o6 F3 @9 |; [: Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。3 H# O7 Q! Q+ {- x" F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。; o( [6 b3 z( h0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“) w2 S' D* i3 @! J0 _
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7 L) p0 k1 M* k1 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">蔽; ^ a9 Y9 J; k$ X6 U7 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经6 S3 E. F. t* Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">•( P! P N2 `4 y c. S$ o7 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。. t6 Y7 z: [, T# g" J2 z8 n
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0 \8 O' H7 ~5 a; z- ]% ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是- W8 |7 y" r0 p8 R# {4 C% o0pt">‘: q; s; A& r2 F0 T b" |0 }6 GTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
7 N- [2 V6 C- D: s, u3 smso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。' R- u/ B. ]- w9 @) @' i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，/ m0 `6 K: [8 a: `/ i& `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。/ d5 {( t6 [( K& V8 H8 \mso-font-kerning:0pt"> + p" i, J8 p x+ q; C& {8 N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐! d z0 m; m5 W, w! t10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' u- ^. {" M6 R8 u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种, c% {7 }4 [% \ M( [* mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 U+ e6 ]" I- f! ~( o( H7 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的9 M# k1 H- n1 a% r# i4 p& B$ L6 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- y0 d! K" `, bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 }# |9 r; s. r) S. O* y1 E, |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐, }6 @6 d, N& B- A5 q
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; U$ ~8 {( x# v: n, U! @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，( U% e' g. W+ `8 [7 ~% s
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3 K, G* q' e% R, v. Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。0 Y4 U- k5 z5 {% |0 r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌, k. A' E1 w" W0 @7 q3 |2 e/ imso-font-kerning:0pt">305! p" x, O7 I7 p( f: z
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; F1 k: }% `" Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：6 Y$ f" ^5 }+ v( M6 L, s! ]* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 U7 Z% R2 K& g: q/ Z! m0 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 X, \( `) Y: e& W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。 ~0 T- ?: D' L% o: K( \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; Q! G3 ~: D8 p& ]" Z" ]' G& X
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- B2 _7 u+ O& Z" i+ P7 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 j/ R2 |+ }9 y( Q# } y1 f6 C+ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">•5 T+ G+ ]% P( y' C$ D
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2 c7 x8 g. D" w% mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）3 @5 x; H1 O7 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. ]- J+ W. f$ W Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 }' c; U: ?' h; y% i6 |8 N) L6 [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。; x- L" z- V" M, C
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# w$ \/ n# Q' Z( J- T& [5 D4 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过0 C% r3 X6 f' n9 z% N$ k1 I1 b
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7 o) f0 {7 g; [& nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨1 M' f) ?6 g- Q3 O. u4 O) `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 U- P; z* f. }; D y5 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人& W* E u4 [( Q
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9 R- r2 ^: F/ s" P% s$ Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。2 H# _0 ^( f6 e. C8 {
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4 R, b; P; n% H, ]8 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。 y& {4 u$ R6 B* A5 G5 ~8 S0 X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。# X x: r: i( w; R0 y' _) R; Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"( {, Z7 F& v# S. N1 y7 h/ ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! b* U0 u: e; S3 q4 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。; W% b$ K4 g8 \7 s0 i( t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。5 t$ s. E( I5 k- \
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3 d5 C; t% Z" N; qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃. z. p( u* E2 R+ n: \- ^) ^. c, _
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* ~( G* E0 @5 N" ?; s/ \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”) }: B# G g7 k+ y8 y" ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">——- Z3 a& X& ]: T) z5 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。/ x% x( k, h; F- X1 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。1 Q% n) i9 R, y: |7 ?* N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于# X/ \& n- a( o/ t9 G, Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& @# S' P) u0 c& W2 g' O7 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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! { f5 J! s l2 \* W- U( Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓+ B( M s2 _% v: [0 a/ A& f3 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% c$ z. Q7 o/ T" p# ?2 h4 I
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5 j9 M. d" E. ~1 B( g! A6 f, ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓2 v7 Q% T! _0 p) W/ V$ u$ h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓) k8 N- |# o% m8 I) g7 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“& W9 e' U4 X% L/ E4 c/ Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, t7 F# F* S: W( r/ A: ^; n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓, ?$ O1 _+ ?% d5 G# Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 z) I b9 o% t! @7 a* ~$ T
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: p; w3 p8 e: P+ V Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨; a7 h4 p2 L3 h; ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# h/ ~; g4 ]! ~% u; E4 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 ?5 j1 @( e" F1 t( imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼, W ^' Y- l9 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 p8 k* z& `0 D. f+ J
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; q( O5 t; o& L1 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤% {* u* V: R; Smso-font-kerning:0pt">” B$ N, {$ I4 V& J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 B% E8 N# T- kmso-font-kerning:0pt">./ Y; M6 B8 e; C' b$ y$ D2 v% T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能2 W$ C" l+ Z. Y' W6 i) d3 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 u$ J* U1 q$ F9 D6 ^# Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; b7 Y; E0 Q) ~9 S2 X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒: S1 v& N5 Q$ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 G* k0 D. m9 E6 D1 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! L0 o( x! P/ p. k& tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹; t( N0 t5 y+ {3 ]+ d2 ?4 g4 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">. Y6 z) C; q8 P' M5 k) Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 r% L$ P7 l7 o* E, Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人6 u9 [0 m- c/ Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" X6 C' o- i% Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ {$ o3 W2 e M
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪/ J# b5 i1 I1 J6 X) i2 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 j2 c/ ^2 R8 W0 W& P3 R
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。! Z4 }% D- Y% `; h& T6 ^( p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用* N; d/ x2 A& N4 h* d! U/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">  " {1 m! r$ x$ `) p9 `0 F( ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。9 x0 `' I: F1 T* c" {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; q2 `$ P% P% z+ E% Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱. F! R, L# s6 Z$ {1 _' ~
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' g5 R F9 R+ q- l( ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧" h3 m3 n8 {! z1 h9 b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等5 F% n- u9 O6 u7 t1 ?8 N- Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
