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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ n `8 }* G: s5 Y3 c) G+ h
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. G) Y- ?) e: L: xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. X% P, i+ }) p- ~; T2 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。7 a0 G( E" u/ L; |: S% f) ]
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6 v t5 |% a; LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。8 x3 W+ G3 ?5 E4 z+ {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经& X& ?+ M# G$ N# Z+ ~6 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。- @# Z, c1 O+ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% {& e; b) T, w3 |2 I! v5 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。! n4 w8 z: ?) v. T8 a
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& J) s) G# e* [1 n$ VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？8 `* x( W8 o$ X0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，& |/ \- @4 d$ ?! C/ x+ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"' ^/ ]$ x0 q; Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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! _( _9 K0 _: L$ c2 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。5 i. ]5 t5 R5 _. Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：( h4 |9 {4 Q: f% N& o+ ]6 c* P8 A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐$ K! a+ V, A1 e
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2 D( t. n: P; O/ s( ~ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种$ m* A3 s4 ~( [3 T Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 X w5 m: \5 Z& S* `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ J! R( p3 j7 }7 Z$ t0 h
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% y. q( m. i- e. e& m' o1 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的 }2 j( [2 K4 n; _* t% M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐- Z3 L: s9 F- I8 m- J* Z4 N# Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”( S$ q8 ^4 V& h% y3 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 c( q: }9 a) Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，. j2 ]( H( C* g4 ~9 f: C7 U2 |* xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# r* b$ c) G* a! kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, C% n5 c+ s9 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教 a; Y/ H4 I* Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”: i3 s( t# ]! P5 ]6 }, _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! P; p" r/ S) ~# h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教6 N$ l7 ^( P7 n, v; F) B
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6 t; {$ `( v4 g* \4 `. j4 _: Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。: F* p1 _( W$ H* G0 C& M5 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. U( W0 S4 t+ r& x( i$ a( q8 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌9 t6 U) u$ x( }& h% S+ g0 l
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) ]7 x5 K5 X, O% `- emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视4 Z9 B. R7 J7 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：1 _+ Q! ]- Y6 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( U& M9 }! i5 z- B6 G$ \& M _4 R7 d
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$ i$ ~: X* b8 I1 s( D* Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。3 U) ]' Y- c7 d- a* ^) o$ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 k/ O% }, G. q9 K
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. `/ J. v/ A7 D6 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语8 {; k* T9 E2 h" k- k% _8 K6 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">•0 M* B, `# @( f7 ?+ O: S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）& _- n# y: u" y1 c
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( O" O1 j7 L# @9 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。' @$ W, ^& k1 g* v
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" C. o/ |) _- h' g% U5 ?$ Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语$ i; O$ H( N) D# B& a/ O
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) d- E% r8 @5 M9 n3 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过* }* W& i8 N7 v
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9 B+ g+ h0 P o: W" cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨3 h3 H0 x) i: Q8 O* h, Omso-font-kerning:0pt">” Y, K0 _0 h3 r: Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 i% T6 |& T1 T* L7 b" ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人1 s5 z+ u& F& D/ n% |
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* J0 w& A W& D+ Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。$ e, u f3 X( g5 w7 A1 w; H3 ^8 Z
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2 q: `" U* Z/ v; @9 _# |$ _Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。( U) k; }( I% S% P8 x& ?+ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"* R* _+ @) b! Y T) C' h2 T
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, Z6 r# p! k" hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。8 b0 K! }6 z% H/ @+ T& ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 K$ K4 f6 I: U, q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃) u+ F0 v; \& T5 h6 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”8 y e$ p& ?8 ]' _mso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ }( G j3 r) \& G7 s5 [9 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 z1 g0 a8 q9 q
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" E' u1 U& V# X$ K! w Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。; n% F8 D# V, u1 G3 }& Q( \+ i
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( T, R4 T9 Q9 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于7 l- C9 m7 E9 C9 d5 Q
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. Y. V6 E8 q6 P* o- |' ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观6 ^! Q3 Z% C. F! M. T% B. O# }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨, y u& z; }! ]! i e7 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">” E2 @1 I- ?. N& Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ r+ Y* D4 ?: C" U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓# c; h: K* ] }1 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓- D/ Z0 L" v O1 T- a: f1 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 }- t |6 m$ l/ N4 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# ~1 u8 \ `8 a4 e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观3 ^3 i; x9 h; C, N0 g( z0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ ?- R0 H+ \: p
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- J- P+ P! j7 f+ B) I) Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓$ }" m- H" p$ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ O' o) m! {' S ~$ X" i7 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; h4 {* c6 W6 r( S0 M/ Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群1 _: X, L+ y3 @+ N& w2 r
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* G# p) c- G6 \' kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 o9 X% v D" v, fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓7 E! [; E; J4 d, r7 M# H9 ^$ F! B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨; ^ t- _( W0 G! Y( `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼" x2 {) E6 y3 j: g! w4 E1 Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤8 X! J9 K7 z0 _4 R, s8 I. A1 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语6 c+ s1 f( Q" d9 b" \& p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能) j4 p" C( L1 h& s
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) h j$ X& x9 J! Q `, \5 g; k- wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒 Y) G C7 d1 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' w+ Z$ g! y6 ^/ R9 J4 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 w/ m7 |. t7 ^& p, @0 k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹- h8 O* f) G1 t- `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人$ e% j( S' L9 j+ E9 t3 P0 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& d+ O) v2 q# X/ Z( w
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1 }9 P2 s' n( _6 b! Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。1 U5 F! O' b- w7 ?; Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: j1 R3 x/ m3 C! a& JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。* e1 {1 {: [; A: s0 m J( j* Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用2 V; x; u; B: d4 m m. a F: `8 y+ v
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' x! u9 C2 q: E- l$ H: G/ eTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：3 l9 Q/ N N4 ^: d0 V+ Y8 q1 t: d0pt"> & Y4 v) n A9 N9 }+ V0 S8 L3 |0 \
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7 B( T: K! J/ Q6 s& \" W# N9 eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理' l! c- l+ L( o' ], S9 S3 Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。, e" N1 m e6 ?' ^3 w( F5 C
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3 z4 V ~2 v' t. F& _- n& L1 TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧! G0 e% p& ] W" D- jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % z5 _0 z/ V2 P9 n
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等) ?$ G. W% h* E. y2 a; z
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：( ~ q2 I4 p8 i1 |# C) B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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