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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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5 T' ]" V$ L. I0 B% I1 n: nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% H2 f& L7 b! s8 o+ Z/ p* Omso-font-kerning:0pt">29 W& k( q) y, A- j. u5 Y+ }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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& i6 h* R- `; |$ T+ n; J2 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。- Z7 b* N9 A# `5 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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# x; m+ T8 [( x% jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。/ D/ d" M2 O8 e8 q: O2 R" Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# Y$ G, i* j7 p* S" y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经% a( j! {% F7 [$ a% g% G' B7 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。$ Z z |( e, s+ y; E" q! mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: s0 W, G, a' L* p! [; c% i, Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是5 q7 d3 B- |5 |$ L! g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？' J$ u& p* J2 o& o4 ~- |, d
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$ o* U9 Z3 X$ P# t$ f8 nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，- Z& k' B8 Q! W( w- ]5 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 H& x* [/ d, O
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+ }% ^% V5 }9 M# Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。; {0 K2 ^, R6 h. X; Vmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 3 b% U: F4 v, B( T% H) h
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- _+ |2 Y9 ]! S. p9 N7 v+ ~9 X Umso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐/ T* B2 e% k4 M/ p$ h" I i
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3 ?$ E4 S# y0 ~5 H$ E" x1 Y% i7 S' Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种6 `0 K2 t! D& dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* U' i9 ^: a4 k' N z
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" j3 K2 l* c! f0 M( D5 G+ D) Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的# b% I, M1 `# K& ], Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ N# _! g$ e/ ?- Y6 d5 K4 u4 t/ Y& ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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0 s t/ y1 F9 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，: X. j4 p: _2 s2 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 i7 l2 e3 w( Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。3 u( e$ D$ {# k" D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌; E$ u* B* Q' t8 {5 p- b; D) x9 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视& F7 p& X9 |' w9 R: z1 \' L+ hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% W4 o; c7 v$ G6 l6 @* _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: Q* I; D& Q9 G, y' r) qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗" y; h* a) H5 b$ l5 m9 O6 ^9 J( h/ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& X5 p( V0 r5 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 I7 c* @, y3 a# ^) Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：! v# e2 @( T, s) k. H k- qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 g3 k7 E# E. b) e4 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ r/ u0 i! M; u, Q* V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。6 G* c+ p- I% I8 q- K7 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语, B8 P& B3 c. G( {# _% \ L
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) B4 U$ f7 e) Q9 u. |5 @& q! omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）4 Z8 d6 ?: ?6 X3 [* x; m" ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 p4 i: K: N9 v+ C5 n4 q* V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。# Z. b/ x3 O5 x/ o3 L) G, m, @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语! o. |3 F0 Q: ]9 X) c. B# ?% r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过& P( Y7 H% f y! f" Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“" A- _2 |* B' Q4 O6 [+ Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨* o/ o X( Z. ?0 o
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0 O( v \# D6 a g2 i3 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人5 u; P- \% u+ D* X3 B; Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。, w, T; H3 [) S' g: p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。9 {/ V8 r, }, N6 \4 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 f/ f( C& U& Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。$ w. q7 \! `, Y- @8 b' w
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; u- p3 X$ W2 l* r% K1 G. L0 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃" u9 J6 ]% w, b7 c7 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# A/ c0 X0 d& ^! N+ ]1 G
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' J$ h4 r, Z" _- smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”9 B& q2 i" G; W. L" k8 L: m- O) Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. {- F4 I9 c* u
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8 f3 \ k/ [4 M& s. f e) imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。# R1 N# H. w* x0 u& v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。' ] M3 `& R( y4 k+ D! J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于$ _1 s3 z0 K4 _) x# G2 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. B/ L `: @5 ?9 F. s a0 s' jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; E7 t% p1 O U2 ]/ O6 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓. z2 \( G3 g% n% a5 E% P* nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% F# C1 M4 z( _. \* wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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" O1 |; j! Z; [+ K5 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓3 P! e0 R2 U2 A* R7 b: fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. N1 \" |# u$ u) n5 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 k9 x0 s5 ]6 W1 i% m6 b6 h" D) mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观. ], b% D" W8 F* e( bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ R. ^: y5 R, j; ^$ g! @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 S8 \+ z; M* q* D* ?5 U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓# j( Z/ v6 w$ w4 a+ o, @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* U7 p) L$ r* Z% `- |$ j% H, v1 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓2 G1 s$ H5 [6 z; p6 D6 ^* q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨' L+ c& [. [0 s3 }8 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼/ |- G! Q% t0 O
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' K p6 X: M8 U2 P3 ~6 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤/ `2 |3 d" K' Y0 |# i% |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 _8 x4 N, M5 G# t* F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语1 |# h- |. v4 _ Q* N- b% Z/ X$ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">.& y3 c' N5 }3 _6 S
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5 `6 O9 r7 l0 _8 A& s! ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能. g* V7 n& u: rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: f8 R8 x* n# g5 \# S' h3 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒" [7 o- `0 U8 `" d: i$ E) }' A5 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹6 y( ^6 |4 l d* p
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, k1 t+ V1 i8 R) ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人2 F/ a: R! x X: l% c- |6 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 q9 T7 P8 ~5 k. Q) f! E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪; i9 p& d3 X* s2 r) m; O: t
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( q( O& [! s/ J; ]: J1 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。5 E6 e. v" U; V; ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。6 r4 M5 s) [& Z( Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">, V( M7 _" h- Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。. I5 D3 ?& T0 O# b8 f
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/ L2 J1 j+ `" N$ Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱 s) p* K7 G% ~- e9 [+ ^( j6 \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等! k3 M7 h7 I. R- M; vmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' b0 D; J8 R. J0 O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
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喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
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300x180 AD
