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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( Z7 z7 [" a! e, mmso-font-kerning:0pt">24 {: a% b8 I) h* k+ R8 Z$ a. q
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! K0 M T! @0 W& P# {3 A( Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：& ~3 ~6 w: J& I2 W- d% M% jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 `) H/ T1 r% I, P- ~# e% Y+ w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。9 A: m# A- `- f' Y6 Y2 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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/ f9 W6 g4 D# n% h$ A5 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。4 J. _1 Y# |. }/ e9 r7 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 U! E; Z* `- s3 v. g) qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. Y* S; ]/ Z+ {7 c
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2 _- k0 m- Q3 y- i7 \3 ]) N* amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经/ a' A2 }; o2 V! {mso-font-kerning:0pt">•2 X& N& V& x/ `8 h- }; V) Y; ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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+ M9 V9 X* L7 b3 ?7 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。$ d' X1 U) L/ _# X$ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# ?: o7 S5 v$ O8 ]. gmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是6 p' \" B. K3 J1 }( T3 P4 T* o' T7 H
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( w4 ~1 H9 c. X: ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？! F/ c \7 }1 \: y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，$ c* ?5 n( O- D) b: w
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2 S p4 b. T7 \* j S9 x8 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：7 q/ q( u' ?2 l. _% F% f& |% O; Z
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& e E1 Y8 e& d4 C7 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐1 R% }! r& ?! Z4 B
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9 E/ m# y" |+ h. @# `mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语$ {, U5 M. b. ~$ Z& ^$ G; n5 _10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">•6 Q7 H2 x9 p: t6 `7 jmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* f7 o# ^( s y9 E! |3 J
mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种2 @) q+ X2 ^) }. ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的. D y+ F! i5 a4 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ W/ S4 c# J2 c9 }: x, I w+ h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，0 s* _8 n- {+ _9 R
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9 \: B' D6 j F) V. F+ S# }; }/ Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教2 n9 @6 M5 T4 B( W" tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" p d" m" e, K1 O7 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。. M, a1 t! ~. z- @6 q4 J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌: J' @( X0 U2 h, ?
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B( C% d( W S wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视" C0 d& l ^ G/ h1 [- kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 g' Z) b) I1 w. ^ X- y: Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ E Q3 x9 H7 T+ u. ], k/ W: v M
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% U& |0 K! L; R; ~, [9 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。0 Z+ l5 X" ^, i+ t) L' mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" U2 I* b6 T2 N, B9 `$ o, L/ m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）( L, J( u5 q) b& s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。" Z) H+ Q y9 M; ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 L, _9 }" F) V- e9 ^' N* efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 y# Z6 w1 q( d3 P. x/ G, tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 L! I- y! b9 q3 @" ~) R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过/ @2 u9 O( y/ ^$ n$ Z# Y* Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! |+ f# e8 C+ o$ ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨, M- b/ O. U, Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">” a5 b* Z$ W' t b! x: }1 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人3 Y5 A6 J' J# x6 J% pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 I2 w4 L+ {. F0 ]
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* X. g! t% v8 J- Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。3 i8 S+ L6 B4 Z9 c8 J
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0 S! k- J, ~) t# R0 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。) B( W4 w" ^! Omso-font-kerning:0pt">"% R9 O) ^* h7 M! O0 o& f* V" `
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. a# N, J9 l: m, z7 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。$ b C! H% r: z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。/ ^7 b. G& }9 |$ f( o G, q' E7 l# kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 t9 a: o; ^+ D0 ?9 Q9 Z; V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃4 D5 [1 Q% M6 M' P2 D: B9 w4 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 F7 ~+ t$ I1 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 I5 N9 X- M1 d8 z6 k$ {+ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批9 B, |! }) l( g& v& `4 Q! ?& e
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0 ` F# \) T. F; T7 g) y* bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”2 K9 T% |% D$ x- x3 H/ \mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# @' X) m3 Q6 J$ Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 J0 ]5 B1 e3 g5 t; ]1 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。 f- ^( p* N5 x5 s, z, R! ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> & @+ h1 S4 f1 l' Z* W* k. v& H( U# S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。' V% @7 W/ h* g( B# d2 S/ z: L3 e
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9 J, t! b9 z* ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于 u; w g9 I' v E* T* r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群) W6 k# `5 ^; U) Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 y7 ]( f; W9 r& G! tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, X+ \9 R5 p9 X# h- |8 f7 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨" k% ]' V$ M4 I, G( A) e5 g
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3 ^! a/ C5 A" u& _5 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓* z$ O- Y+ u+ e8 k) a
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' r2 B! c4 O4 @. J! ]- R3 w( Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓1 r! x& f- M0 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观. s8 \! H$ K$ g4 T3 g" `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓. I1 A; y! e% v* ]; W( `% j5 j/ I# u
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% e" {# `# W" S' V# _4 @( [, Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 z* g1 P- l; w+ N( \) r$ Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群, `% _# V) |3 A0 L$ Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 D1 k+ J+ K. n6 g5 b' \* Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, `( q# Y9 p Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓, y! a* V+ U/ V% t# I: n3 w& _
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, G% X/ ?6 Z. F7 w" Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨 q* p4 n& P4 Z- Y+ Q
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' x, a4 A9 \2 E1 A6 o- ~7 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼6 s$ i1 M2 Z2 J# M6 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤+ v0 x- Y6 V' T% rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 W! l& c2 M+ O6 S6 \* W, Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- c# X% S& b# T4 l2 N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 L T& }. v% ?$ W$ y" w2 Z
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) g. u! l: u2 y0 g4 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能0 ~: s! s7 S4 ~* |4 g. }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- N& U0 a/ S; L1 K9 w3 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 d' _! Y! I; }4 }% R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒/ z- m; u# E0 h. N( ^9 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹( G5 r1 U% _& Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">.; ^! L1 M0 i- C5 G& P' N' U
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0 ~' N( ?# I* [: R6 S7 b5 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人/ ^- M8 D/ ?$ j- `( X- j6 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 j; Q4 q) p5 _) vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 J2 E6 I+ {; {# Z$ j- ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪2 a8 K4 O! `# B9 [0 B
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5 C- d( }" i, @8 N$ z8 @- fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语, O2 W# W1 p4 [" `0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">./ X. c- z2 \- f0 [: U
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& W% K- g/ B: f7 f2 w4 u9 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。3 H& {1 P5 o. Z0 r, ~+ F1 W) Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。% A7 V) I c/ O- g7 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">/ v& ]* ^- C8 ]& ^$ B/ ~. t( C* N3 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 d, M( r7 k4 Y6 m$ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用* z- X* U: [% e/ z3 A* p9 P2 [
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+ H4 b8 p3 X3 W7 c8 ~8 GTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：( E7 V2 q& U8 Q; a. D P1 b4 F% m6 P8 \0pt">
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% C) D" y2 c% F: ?7 h5 oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理! @5 N/ y; N( Q1 z, D: ]1 p
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# b9 ~7 @( Y" d* q' h9 t* ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。% u. ~7 Z; K# K" ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 m6 d; |7 w; w0 B; PTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：6 w. }- z* |, D* A0 C! l3 N+ h: T0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱2 m, e$ K4 N7 E& j1 e9 k- Z* s
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：/ I9 E' V( [: ~+ ^$ }- ^. }0pt"> ( W5 S1 Y5 j! y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧 V: U& ?6 g! [1 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 u X: R4 l6 M& ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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