跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

% L7 G8 T; x& [! Q* |mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ' e( R# d8 l1 qTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网6 H9 p2 h P( F& E7 K( V4 E( Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ7 a* e F0 f( T; a1 W. _$ O font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。; k; Z2 f) z- Z% r; b( L* e mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 {9 n7 S7 }, Q a. c10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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* `' Z1 ]6 n% gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：2 P/ z9 F- B7 z' o! F9 h( Z. b/ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 i3 J2 b+ G9 t: S! b, N+ O' P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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: S% ~+ n( a1 C6 j6 X0 g; A font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 I( Z9 X3 J7 r% L1 f! \9 o mso-font-kerning:0pt">5) [ g8 H* V/ O% Z: n font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 7 c. X) ]; D2 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：7 z% n, N0 t+ z! ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2•5 * B/ y0 E( X! {# C Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：$ e. ?* z d' q/ y6 ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 L0 i6 e' m5 k/ c, a) n, m \mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。3 n1 s: [/ f6 o' y; x1 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 y% a0 C' v4 [& m mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 9 z# `5 r$ z) A% L! @9 x& Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：2 {6 X5 C! X- p6 s- G mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ b; U$ i6 Z$ ]mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ) C1 J' X! h- p4 `3 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。4 T3 S' m( O w: [" X5 d! {. R4 ecolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 G& L7 @& z F+ H8 H; m+ x/ ~ Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 9 ~# u$ x& g* t2 k2 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：1 d2 @" K" r6 _: b) c# L mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 }; M- n9 w n! W X. _ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？8 T9 L- l/ y6 F+ E& ? mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 J. o$ w0 Q' v3 K4 B/ Emso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. w! @1 r0 b, f& k, D; e mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ J' k0 p* O0 F3 S3 Nmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; % o: B2 l0 K+ `& K6 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 B4 n1 g& N" j3 H k9 ` color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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6 m% P; [% r# U1 f- B7 x: m! @2 p4 J3 ]& _- ~* e9 @# \Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。6 h# R: w2 ?, M- G# {mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 p) w' E+ F, L 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
- } L6 V2 k5 G2 X7 R6 Q* v( ZTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 3 H" \: X$ f r/ |5 E; X. G Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：$ x7 f; m/ i/ L& Z 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ x+ ]. d# E: E G9 Bmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。; I; L: p+ P9 @9 {/ c& ^. C2 u" B 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! H8 M7 ^8 o. O. ]4 I' m% Jmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; & }) ]0 G7 r4 r( O! Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：7 ]# ]5 N3 |5 r' v- s5 b 0pt">"8 u. P$ ^1 D S3 p* e, F t mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。8 k( o& c8 F$ a5 l0 `; D mso-font-kerning:0pt">"( m6 M* b+ g5 b7 Z5 [! v/ S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , G* b J0 H5 ]0 @3 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：3 d; E$ E$ V. ~# pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 c( ~$ E8 y& a; Z- E$ l font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢4 u9 L1 b8 m( Omso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ' u9 B( ]6 K% \6 e5 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 g7 d$ ?: i+ K, a7 t5 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：8 B- U/ ?8 q! \mso-font-kerning:0pt">"( g ~) H8 h a% T1 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ U( V+ {6 d/ Q1 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。4 g) o5 r2 }. o# c8 ^. v$ e* R: Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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( J) e1 K4 k+ K$ y: o10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
1 K' t$ Q* a$ N- n9 X! W' a$ C k* j/ z10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是# K* r; z! `4 W10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 E2 `5 l% \; x) n# Y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # U% h$ Q8 B- Q0 F) G# imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违% L! `( v& D/ k 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; B! Q; I0 H; B5 ]; c1 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？4 g( m& k o) b; X6 o 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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9 x2 p( Z# M% c. E9 d9 HTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得, E: c# G& W( B* r0 t3 O" N3 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) y* [3 C7 h3 p0 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违+ Y7 k7 ^) r' w6 n' W1 [, pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ K# }$ J/ f0 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲( c2 q! | o$ v$ amso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 X4 g0 m# R1 q5 ]5 q2 {# O font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违9 P; `0 r- J" C" jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* p9 m4 Z2 A8 Z% k9 T. {1 W# X font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; & d8 r* b: U# s; B, }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，8 r j s$ V; ]: P* c( Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ |6 |/ B. A @& N- q" bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。7 i8 |! |) Z# y9 }. E mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. D6 E, D' c1 @! _- b7 \% L font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。6 A+ c, {# w! J6 j' smso-font-kerning:0pt">

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4 B; X( f; D$ ]3 Z- K2 R. x7 z& G10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
7 D2 f8 W1 f# O9 [( T7 L- c- D+ O! ~( f& `: O 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？% _* _7 j/ n1 W/ [2 P: n& r10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

$ ]& P$ B8 k1 _4 B. \6 c% W 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
9 K$ @! w p. Q7 kTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; $ @4 I; e2 l* Emso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。- K$ Z3 p- V: ]$ d mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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2 L6 Z S" x+ v8 y. T10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

; @" v* a L5 m- O! C0 t font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + z% W) \: E6 q5 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：3 L* ~6 f$ {$ V% k0 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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' J' E/ J( G% K9 ]& j( ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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~; s5 o F% w; F mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: / e) o! R: T! |3 K( S& QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义, _5 m9 m2 a5 u6 I E mso-font-kerning:0pt">
' T3 y: f3 L) i* J+ X" u9 G1 g+ [' eTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; + O8 z" j: ~' B5 e" \mso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！6 W3 C; f, l' { L7 E 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 }7 k- h( j) ?4 @ f mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！0 M! z( n) M9 P3 y mso-font-kerning:0pt">——- o" @* J( n. P; Q/ W6 \& m( |# v font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。2 C: @8 L- b8 I/ t9 V) n& w. `0 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">

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9 k, K# ?+ R- t4 H) {; Bmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述, D' N* R$ G7 ?- H+ S! _1 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">2) i1 x: o8 p \& M" @! Q+ hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊# O# x6 S* Q T3 N' c mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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/ i2 L2 d7 a& vmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 4 U9 i. }4 g p2 d6 X e1 D5 ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。' Z5 E2 e$ F9 `, y" u0 W mso-font-kerning:0pt">——. K: L r1 ^: r8 ?. u; z, v font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - w- j1 @ c/ Z& f9 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' [5 b5 D2 {9 T- \6 K' Q4 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 j4 V0 H( S$ C0 X# L8 r$ k font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 Z3 k W6 m$ _: ? q" X$ a' G7 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：7 t- x2 H7 Q7 y mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 {, A$ n$ @8 U: M, l font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - Z' J, l' [5 b! n/ y2 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。( w# e: m) O' D: G; T$ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, y& j8 R% u1 o% `( Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个. J. ~, @1 E% bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; r& k: g7 P E4 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - y a+ m- ~. c6 X. Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬- f7 @7 M% Y1 f/ U; y$ F3 v$ [& Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* f/ U, A2 Y3 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为% }* P0 d* p, s6 ]0 n# i mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 H1 T6 K1 t7 m- N" i. D0 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道# s0 y4 O7 t7 n- f9 \. jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, z! }# D: Z- m. E font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。3 l" |, Y0 `* F! ` Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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* i' v+ w, K& n) O" M' C

, c5 B2 v4 q$ d' T5 {' jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：) o( |% W$ a4 E9 N& H 0pt">

4 k7 `4 t) N/ m' E; W* S 2 k: f8 ?% d' |6 y3 d

$ ^2 b9 v4 N$ b3 F ]; v5 J; cTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

7 O3 O8 t6 z }# Y& s, `8 b. b* |

1 c# h1 R" j+ e6 _ mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的2 N9 U. O: Z! |9 U" ^1 s Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) X, z+ @& I7 g; L8 T/ r9 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - S( J9 v2 R/ x3 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺. W8 W* v, |6 f, q& d' S3 ~; dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 L1 f$ c+ V3 |% r; w font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思4 i ]! I' n" A) w$ Y mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服
4 t: f: g: J" U; Z

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

9 z; {2 H. [& f5 {  \$ j贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服