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/ v; J" R# G( rTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网/ E0 a, l- K! u% @
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' q. n% T7 v. N: mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。: E$ n6 `( _6 c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 ?" S4 b `& G2 ?. ?
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% l# v. G3 W5 _% N \; ], n) dmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：, I7 O8 c# F2 u R/ ^' o
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% F* \$ i, ]: E0 X. z. j( Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。% R+ S4 E; L1 ~+ }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 }* B" O9 a- w! ?1 _$ `1 ?
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5 h" }& n7 Z# ~: `$ j4 [% Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。( I* U$ O5 q6 s* ncolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) f6 K5 B. j( Q) A( f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：: p& n& ]7 o" k5 _; S; _# E6 K( B
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5 P5 ]6 g; S- {- ~9 U1 b+ Y% m+ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？$ ~9 [1 T1 u6 ^; h" X8 L
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 x) Q# e2 t% h, D1 Z+ fcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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' e0 Y* o9 |1 }7 B/ J! Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。5 P2 n3 s9 Z! C3 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：) P! [. [. |) D10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' q) m v4 o$ `' Bmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! B6 ]5 q8 v2 u
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。6 T& O7 V' G1 @/ O+ U( a
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9 u7 }9 l! {3 K5 d! g( omso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：5 Q7 G- ~/ G+ j+ w0pt">"! Y" i8 h6 b; a% |mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
3 v' k! Y. X! m6 v* O# f( y+ q, {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。1 H# d3 D* T" M5 W6 y- wmso-font-kerning:0pt">", Q7 A, K) H9 m" `; Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% d8 |- ~# ^7 S% u
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：9 M/ ^/ {' @, q6 M5 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"' ]! U0 ?& |7 l! \" Q$ J* R8 Z
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6 O+ o3 N# W4 I$ F) \, @7 C! Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢. M" G: H; g- s3 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：- y/ ?1 L( c* z, X7 Q& N hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 V: J7 h% i# t& \% lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& W. J( F5 Q/ K9 w7 Z, Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。5 p# I- T. b L) C/ U! d/ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得) R: l2 o* {+ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- O! ^ B' c/ [, z4 L& Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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( n1 _2 r) X7 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲0 R4 u4 `, {4 L1 @2 r( U- o- n, jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 {4 G+ A- Q7 ]: Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 r+ h0 ?; }8 Q) Y+ ~- b& g
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+ ~( F0 ?) a4 G( Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，' @1 R. ?3 J" }8 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- b5 @$ |4 N, i" A+ ^
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- }" ~5 Y- o/ R* Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。7 S d! G1 T6 ~6 o( y! ]: amso-font-kerning:0pt">”) S" h/ ?7 j) L0 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! d+ C& h& z, i/ ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。/ a- W8 Q+ n- d
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2 o& i; r: b$ M/ q) W8 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？/ n: X- ~5 ^- M6 Y8 C9 Z) }
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( D5 o+ k4 r& v+ `! w1 b6 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。# |( p3 Z ?& \& u0 P
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( }: y2 A0 Z* NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义4 m" b. T0 X1 D# o4 y$ @# H
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5 E- ?6 [2 \' L0 T: R( e6 O! Q# E, sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！% P4 ?8 \( `; t/ i4 a5 h! F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。* v8 h j$ _0 r7 X2 V0 o
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% u7 q. o) K; p2 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述0 E" c7 s/ r! s |mso-font-kerning:0pt">20 ^# c$ Z* k( G6 v% ]* u1 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 L8 g8 x0 E/ d+ K( y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊4 w* B {5 J0 W: @; emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。# K& v: g/ v& e7 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。/ y Q u& t. H* e; omso-font-kerning:0pt">——! s2 Z W# T7 `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 ]2 |$ }. Z7 t' o& g( O1 ?/ u) lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! @6 x0 d+ f6 G- T$ [mso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 k- z7 p' V3 \5 Q; \- z
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7 T" z* E% Y" _- N% imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：& |5 @# R+ X* F5 q" c. y& f8 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( E. H/ F# M+ F& U& Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 R4 l% E6 V* |: S/ f( \, U+ cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。3 o- W( G7 M) {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个 E. c7 X6 H' a0 ^! ~' \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 `' Q5 s" m. a0 k+ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬1 i+ F6 N* j6 U% W
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3 n% @5 i3 Z5 o, X6 @6 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为1 x; W' y5 l4 v2 t8 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道7 d1 D# b7 @3 o* i+ _! ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。! ?9 s8 Y7 Z6 y9 |4 Y0 U, ^
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+ j3 D$ m* X1 r7 e$ [4 _* ]+ mTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：4 E! x+ {( M4 r0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的7 o4 v8 Z4 r; }7 E
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# S. ]$ E; I- z& l6 c5 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺# @" _# P) }0 M% V3 c$ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* b9 b8 r% L8 Y- b9 ~6 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 g8 ?5 {4 R( ^; k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思2 \$ V" o: o' o: n9 P& x4 e8 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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