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& d8 A) c8 U2 v6 L# ]Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网" z- r4 d0 E" Z" Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ8 D, @+ g' l' x- X! L! @" `( ~3 y# ]( Y8 m6 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 F9 _5 w/ x6 K( j( F9 t" Q! Q$ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。/ G6 d, L! y* v: }+ w; gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 p8 N1 u1 M$ Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英:4 e% W) y- f* ]8 `: {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. v2 ^/ ?. \0 G8 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">5" D* X0 K" f# B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:9 I7 \0 U6 u. o; m$ ?) Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- S7 q& P1 j0 j$ V3 ~: e/ emso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
* i! G. `* A; S; bmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。1 J1 h* P5 g1 m" }; Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 V/ d' o" M4 N3 w" k& `mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
( d& O& M8 |" L& w) [7 s2 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:( A8 I o |; ~. C# v" ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 ^* `$ H5 @, pmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
# ~# j7 @5 Q, H7 o! S A3 m8 ^' Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。' O4 z6 s( a+ B! G- |7 ^' N, jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ Z6 Y$ O3 F; Q9 F8 H1 s9 g$ D0 e
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7 t# L7 o$ h$ L _$ H9 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:/ A/ _! K' O9 i( [. T3 J
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. l8 Q* _4 F. p0 M; J4 smso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:! a. R ~4 p" r4 P+ z
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5 X1 L# N- X/ Z" U& I: nmso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。4 E. C6 E2 u, D( w8 P9 Q( y
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5 g/ N3 _) D$ Y7 L/ R4 r% g9 m9 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。% G" I, p6 {+ l. Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* d1 v. a$ s6 f* z6 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:4 Z! g- a A+ q6 M( N: I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:# M! ` N+ \2 h- L0pt">"9 i- n( n3 k; _" c$ z0 X% P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。, K9 H) j7 _( fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"7 S3 }. I; T8 O/ f* P* D( Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" r$ x1 s( e! `- gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:- N' m$ A0 r: f" U5 L0 e, {& g0 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ f$ l$ Q* k5 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 ~1 ]* t! g% c- E/ b, S. T& _ ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢8 ]1 w4 C$ W5 j: k/ m
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, ]8 @4 L' Z+ N9 ^$ p5 l9 @; h7 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:8 G2 Q+ a$ T, B+ c
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) r) p8 E9 u( q7 i$ nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。, P% u/ l1 V5 U& Y" L# z
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: r! R# g0 o4 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是, _7 Q# e, n3 X9 y10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 J T8 q& K4 h# E5 m$ X# ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" }: u5 w4 w3 t1 O3 M/ c9 s4 U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得1 ]+ F6 F5 s5 q5 ^: h
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9 H4 X, L3 ?# U* v# o% C) D: vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违" x9 Q' K, g: U' h2 U5 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! Y9 p: H U4 j7 |6 S% }+ J. _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 M k6 y7 D+ i1 ?) f& m& C$ `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲! L0 K7 B, }& C i$ I
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# P* D% |8 J: \( z' {! {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违' T# O$ H1 z; F" I5 S2 imso-font-kerning:0pt">”. t( x3 l% q6 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: J- K! N q( {) A0 g6 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,4 t0 a1 ^+ a) d. S7 L* W& P. nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 Q4 L1 e3 D) ?- M- W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。! M8 N2 b2 ?$ w: zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, g! S( n& p3 a$ i2 z3 a+ q
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: V1 }, j7 ~! Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。6 W* p) G) w* n6 u; l% S- Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?+ R& ~; G2 G: g+ C+ l% v9 r9 z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; x4 ?- }6 ^2 ~! D Q/ V. xmso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。5 A: \) f, |2 q% m+ E* M" J; smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' u% ^9 Y. r2 l) D7 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义4 {# v5 M! \( W2 r2 [5 i' Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!' s; l/ ~2 {; R% y8 ]/ @mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# A+ \* X V/ X$ `0 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 d9 J" f6 @* j! ]- C" Z ~0 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。; O2 W/ W8 a5 G% [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊6 c* \: Q+ I8 v( w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。* x9 q- S) k6 W# x6 N" \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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# O/ n) K2 a/ STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。 |8 Z$ y' T2 R2 [4 C1 U ?0 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ y4 B. {& c, }, H C. G) T& E0 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。# S% ^ r. Z0 n$ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">——! q# i2 @9 b4 B5 X4 `7 h3 t+ Y+ |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:. ?2 i' Y$ C+ ?# A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。0 @$ f2 [4 F& e# V0 Q5 e+ _
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$ |7 S- g- [0 w u% V/ n/ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个, h: o- R# @( S5 u* h2 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 z" X! r' l* x
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1 W9 B% ~; d" v( J6 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬$ x! Y! G* `6 @9 _) m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为. z$ a8 e2 n2 M7 m8 q" q. {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 b: P3 ~( w+ Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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$ W) V6 ^) g6 H) a9 H RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的3 {0 ]+ e' N1 {+ b& u' F9 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 s( P( |9 c( r+ l: p, a; Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思) P7 [ j) v$ Q, P5 y) T. _3 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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