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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网( F9 B! [. }9 O+ ^$ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ/ J2 j5 f7 S9 n; t+ p xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* J: a! X' d+ z2 E) `8 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。' G7 V; @- {. Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第7 }! s5 v1 j1 }5 r& e# i2 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">5" H8 X0 O; M& I( J; S9 o" M9 s2 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
p5 o a0 o/ e) r% n- lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：6 R3 w) F+ A6 i+ n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：# o9 g8 O! Y9 Y4 m, [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。5 K r, o% n% j# X9 Y4 K$ Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 P# A e7 c0 j( D/ }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：2 g; T/ K- _8 ?% f6 z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。. a& j# ~) }3 Acolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. y, `- o: Q* d3 V2 Y. dTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;- C) H B6 f( z5 a( |. S0 A' a% [
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：4 s( r! M. @9 X/ I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？' Q) U) a: D9 L zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 W- U! {- J! m5 z: V& @
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1 T8 P$ L+ t* D! u; qmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ c/ i% B( D! c. H8 x( |3 C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。% W; j: a. _+ {4 L
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4 o5 [9 w a, ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：5 p6 S! F1 ]' f
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7 [) e; }6 Y7 V2 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。* v( _# B3 t0 ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：% l! }; G" n' g0pt">"% y' N" p9 b% c# e# s% h. ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。: o0 ^; U$ w4 amso-font-kerning:0pt">"& W2 q! Z1 n: ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 v$ u+ n0 U1 c% G1 U# _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说： `+ f' q8 E N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢+ x: W0 A) m* C: A1 o( j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：# n' n# w$ E; N- w( Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。/ X T* o5 g" ^# V# p9 O4 I4 { zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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}* X. A/ e6 [6 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是9 n k0 Y% z& p$ i% n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! G( r4 j# C5 y' W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违9 d$ _: _% J. t0 G; o10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) Y$ |* W0 @+ u" P& j
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3 S. j) ~ u/ ^; W1 M! _' l( H, D# x1 smso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得# F) ~1 N: r; _7 ]( @
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* ?; m" t" f2 g# ?. A, T$ Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违 V4 d1 @! M/ |5 F8 c* dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, z" G! U8 L7 ~( Y4 n) S( L2 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 y B8 T9 m1 \7 H- g! V4 w# x4 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲+ d; v7 k5 j& o
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+ g- N3 {" k" ]8 A3 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，# a" `5 M! I; B: {$ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% Z. \) [: V7 z3 ]. k: tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' T0 {6 J* C( b9 f: N& m
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。7 B9 W* f- d1 C8 R5 @* ]9 L. J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。8 z3 E. l4 ?( |- w+ A0 T$ u0 P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 r* i4 e h, S6 x% u+ A$ I9 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：: H4 n g8 z% o0 H8 A% j" i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义/ N3 [5 |4 [: M1 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: f" k# U0 Y( h0 e* @0 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！ R$ d! r' y2 t( C- _0 N! Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 q Y/ w+ h! |3 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。0 S# z+ S* F" L6 F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述4 |# ^8 x+ T% T# }! n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊( T& a; N* c* |% q. |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 ]) f$ p' F; ~4 a# Q" A R! vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。# v, f, h3 z r9 A9 {5 n3 c. R1 o
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孝经
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' J, [5 ^4 W2 [, U+ r5 d- cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。) @" ]1 T8 R' r0 n
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——- s3 O; X& ~5 G5 a7 X1 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 i# n* x; U9 T$ |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. Q/ i& l! s2 n+ m
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——& z6 L! a/ ?; u* \) C% z" Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: I( C8 C5 P0 Q3 b9 T4 E$ vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：3 ~8 w: k$ H5 ]4 @$ C1 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 |7 q% q4 T' p6 q4 m; T4 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 U. a9 i9 a* {( _8 q; I. J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。6 y9 V6 g! }/ W
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 X0 a8 D1 T; d; r5 t# F* Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) T3 X: q$ q# m: M# }5 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个5 q9 r3 s0 G2 D; c! G! q$ x9 k3 J5 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ `- j7 ~( ?$ X8 z3 J% x4 R1 B/ nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" S# ^- }3 Y V6 r6 h8 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬- Z$ w! n4 Y- L* H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为 h# x& W( F! Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 ]6 a- x3 P; p$ tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) E3 T- l7 ]7 z4 I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道9 {+ [ J* C% G! \! _$ x# Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”: _: p" B7 [6 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, |2 `3 t4 [2 q# W9 M! l
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。8 ]5 Z' x4 V/ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的6 d# w2 G4 f' `3 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& Q' K4 F( ^8 Z
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9 w, z; k5 `) S* H6 a7 M1 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思$ t% v7 v2 d P5 D C! ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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