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* ^- e8 ?+ c8 X' s- m0 {mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, $ ~- E- Y5 D# o: [' `" Z" m2 z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, : x+ \1 A8 _, d \! Q ]' F
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
9 d) i) d8 t# P9 N1 A0 q"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, ! I! J# S, {5 }- ]' S4 R
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,8 |, C9 k" B9 _) ~ Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 |/ S/ Z, M3 z& f"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, ' D- y" f% o( g宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, ' O( e9 x* H9 N1 Y, C, Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 m* T C8 k7 w8 l
"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, . |3 ]0 M9 S1 A! j; ~. T# A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, . ]1 h0 F$ F0 S$ @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ p a) g0 M+ y1 S& Q) A"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, ) [3 D5 ~# T3 T/ f2 k, ]7 D5 y
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 2 M! Y* F5 |; ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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& m8 r6 X# i( q"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 & J4 b4 v) P8 X3 P) ~
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, . a* ? V$ r' l& P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ ' h* ~" l8 B. C8 o- T) h1 U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” ' n( n' O" u) R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ ) w; c! V+ p9 m8 S* p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” % s" P6 k0 m r5 i7 d/ _; k9 ~* Z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, & [6 {* z6 q$ M4 a, q+ v! z* Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) M. e& T; }3 [4 u& k"Times New Roman"">前者为因, . Q i! B f. m4 k/ A/ n
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, & @- M2 B! A+ p6 n
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& f" Q) l9 y$ H"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,8 g, c& [4 C' n9 v% U n2 z
( {6 k$ m1 r& Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, ) K+ l" ~; ^: B' c
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 0 ?. X) q. a+ E( A
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"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, ( t' T* A2 a7 W. p* P! H
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: ! B& R6 A% Y) h* k* u: L" ]5 Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ i9 A- X# ~% @3 u" A1 r; a( s
"Times New Roman"">“ y% K. @/ X( Q$ x$ J
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? ) v3 |4 R& E* X- l$ k( d0 e
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” " T' O8 u5 c( d. ]& \2 z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, / T7 \* _9 S2 E0 E4 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 \+ W5 B/ W" i* F% b9 ]0 G/ k% Q"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:+ n) ? T# b" C c6 F
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9 W* X& }3 g) T: Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 ) K* X" q" A7 v9 ?/ {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 9 c6 H2 M+ r9 y1 H- M* Z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* a) y7 R1 ]& M# ?) k1 ~4 e
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
* v6 i; g* Z/ a, r) J3 ]1 t. u+ m8 X z8 Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 8 W1 D3 @; o9 R/ K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. }. m1 \, k7 J/ Y
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, ( ~ N7 n D3 q2 }( Y7 Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 * A0 P2 u% o# g) ?* _
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里& A e, p( U. C! J9 b I3 ?
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 : s; I& E# a' U. ]
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(" D8 @6 h4 r# m4 c5 r& F0 s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ; B! i& s- I' b8 Y9 P
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" V" t4 [' N1 ^7 h1 @! N# J"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用) U8 \: [- ^. S. B12.0pt">, * O3 [2 _, w: ?1 m$ a8 U
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, 1 y, f/ {- \2 a4 J" \
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"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, & o* ^2 o, D$ F$ T) Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!5 N2 U3 @' \2 ~# ^0 S, r1 t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 0 b1 i# I9 Y- E& S/ X. v2 X9 H7 E% ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 V/ p! _, ]9 D4 X; E
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: , |- J( v7 N5 f& T6 y6 z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, ) Z" V+ g- ^' S9 C: Y- {& e/ O3 f宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, & c0 D2 x9 i; D8 t6 J) pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, l4 b1 k4 N# o$ Z9 g& O% L6 u
"Times New Roman"">“ % h. s2 G) q, T+ N- J+ F2 T' tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”6 Q o7 a( m- v12.0pt"> 0 h# J; D, ^! R& J: ~"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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+ w) S4 j- z/ u5 p! M! {# g6 H/ P+ G9 \9 B1 amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, ; w8 m3 n( n8 `7 r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, - }. T8 M% t- x& [3 g8 X- U
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. _. C5 \# a; _1 F2 }9 b: U
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, ' }3 d" i! Y4 h5 |
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, ) H5 Y" x5 I' X. C. f/ n: O0 {' y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, " T( F! f9 g6 `) [# t" \! P4 A
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: Q5 ` a% S3 l2 ?/ } y$ W
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ . t6 M2 J. M- M% \/ o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 5 Q% A! v8 M8 a- @/ F
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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5 v( f$ [) q, Q B7 t"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 ( ~0 b* Z) Y9 l. w8 l
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 9 _: U0 C( f5 y& s& Q ?0 I$ a( O
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, / a3 ~% v4 `8 r5 f
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# ^. a" w( a1 {7 B% S"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,* q) s+ x, N' o/ Q
% I- o- B* k: M; ]3 Xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 6 p2 f, ~) _! i) E" J7 D
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( C3 z- C% a$ s1 z" [0 P"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,7 V9 n c& k- u9 b' d* w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 9 q4 Q- w+ K/ j/ u9 c& ^+ j3 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ P7 z9 r' A6 m9 G" y; n; G"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题( i X5 }7 ^( ? p X4 V; e12.0pt">: 9 c: y& G/ ?! P+ y1 O, v1 N"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: ( U; L% ^- T) M, efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 ]' n& K8 Q' a# Z: t+ j. X% e"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才4 ^, S2 p( L. G9 j( z: M12.0pt">, ( q( j0 e. W3 t
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 3 q1 U7 @9 C3 g3 ^
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"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; # f9 e5 l; t* Y2 P+ K+ X- L
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, # f9 ?, ?& m3 r" E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 0 s. v+ ~9 ^; d4 [5 B, m. v$ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 [/ ^1 T0 N6 T1 c; K8 R( a) J: a
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题0 H# q! q& o. A( s: ] U$ h12.0pt">; & @/ l: z+ i! p0 R6 I9 i$ B Z" K1 c"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, ! a% Z: H) B) b3 _/ K- p* nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 r8 |- E0 ?. A9 c. ` W
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求% i+ ]# c: u& u6 o% e7 `12.0pt">: - `% e4 X! S# `& W# ^' R9 R"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; * a# k! G% Q: s2 H
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"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, " w: D9 t. B2 ~! @8 x5 U( Q" ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 4 M; y( ^1 A+ Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ d! n- X* S& s. a {: @
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统! c: Q0 F3 P: m# J- ^1 o12.0pt">:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ , e d8 G# a; H. T9 b/ A, d7 F1 q+ v5 u% | v
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 4 W% T# k* g# A' w/ Z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 ! x9 ?/ _- h. m" A
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: v% b8 l/ \+ o0 p2 K"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, * n) D( J# J& V7 I3 [1 N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, - I) @: D0 Z+ G- A
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 H2 z7 _; [' b) P' Z$ l8 r"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,, c' v: v4 ? x6 a
# D1 e: \" S& K" M7 hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 1 ~* E% e9 H4 v% G; V Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ w7 h: s5 `6 T; W! P"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 2 j, I$ q3 G4 T6 Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, ; g2 K& T M; q- k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: ( v- C2 ]8 Y f$ s" xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 S- I" o, {; c, ~9 Z"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, % m+ t% f" g7 W6 {
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 9 s9 E" X H# I+ f" l9 ?5 X
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 c1 C' B3 y, w" z# C* A; Y/ m
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, X7 E! h* i0 o+ O4 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 % f( O5 K+ Z; {% ~0 A; `" m7 Q
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- m' u/ P& E. l' Q J* b t; I4 J- Vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,5 S4 x$ K" j6 D! P$ y, P/ e
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 X3 |3 b$ r( G, v6 M"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定2 m3 @: ~' o1 j' q/ [3 N9 q+ L12.0pt">, : d& r' ?9 d$ C$ y6 D"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 7 ]& p" e/ t- w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 M% g. e0 m! I
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:; T" P0 L" r: t" V F9 H# y3 ^
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, 8 F: H" O& m( a1 F1 F, w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, ! e+ F6 j# z: Q# ?/ E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 p" T0 n$ ~2 c) U9 h/ k"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, & B9 H% r# W1 n- D7 rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, ' U, |2 e3 i+ r% P) b& l, K5 K+ f
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' _. n0 ?9 I. e; y9 n; U"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: ; @/ L# m6 I C7 N# `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 1 b$ L2 n, ]3 ^' J) j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, + d: _7 l8 I- H/ Z. O$ v3 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" J* D9 B# W2 R) X
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
