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: x$ C5 ?6 O. `0 Y' _0 Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, B$ t4 r d( k# U$ r2 v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, * h* T+ s" W1 q$ Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 v/ p1 m1 M" i7 `1 J. q"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, + \% l. B4 }; g4 h5 n5 \! j% g; A) h宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,. \3 O; m+ l' J% wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' f5 F+ t; ~8 V7 U7 n% u
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 0 {$ c% e1 U$ E" |. `' U
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 9 }2 _. ~ [8 s9 M. r* P% ]4 p# p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 6 J: |* b% a8 n; c; ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. J- z9 ?( G2 w# P3 A"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,2 T9 T- I4 P3 E* Y
; O* _& _) Q. L2 O! r3 amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ; m o5 {; G! I- w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, # v* b4 Y3 P* D3 Q" T L% ~5 a
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 v+ S0 F$ C7 K& w* G) |+ q: X, D"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, " ?1 j1 e$ I+ B" b- O) N2 A# m
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, * [& r5 d1 ?- \! q- q0 e: d! Z: f
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 : S Q: S. d0 C/ }% [# w
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,5 j6 L2 u6 q8 \8 F2 Q: t
* |8 M4 G4 c Z( H. B# u8 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" {8 H$ M- Y5 [( n5 m$ V
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 . N+ N; ^7 O7 r" e" F
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 9 s8 U( w" B( V, w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 2 Y5 s& e' m9 D9 i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 7 m/ H l8 n* l! c7 X, z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ ! t, N- ^* ~( y' b1 O: j" R6 `: t
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 6 q- \# M3 M0 X5 C+ I' Q" L宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 3 k2 W) x% x8 J, Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( F9 k7 }3 l% ]; U$ D7 e. }' F5 j
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, # S9 K1 N& j# ]9 j& W
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 6 G9 ?) H3 e" r, s5 O2 w, m( \
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( q0 t) Z( |; o* I
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
- M3 C0 K# {( [* [6 u w; L; J# o+ v! {mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 5 O ^. [7 c4 ?) ~4 N+ p2 C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, + f. p3 A( g) S7 y4 }" h- [
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"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, ) h7 Q' Z: }% X$ j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: % p, |% O' `0 R# Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 ]* O3 R- d* Z8 ?) y"Times New Roman"">“ l( l3 y8 }4 t1 E! j" L5 b4 c; ?
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 5 e8 `0 B1 W0 Q/ f& M' Q* p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” / E/ d; A# g; r( \& s- `: }6 e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 9 e! B$ V" X" X3 g7 f" U. x! ]
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' u* B' r' L% T. e9 W! `"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:* H1 i# J/ `" V: c
7 v' J% c4 m0 C* f& dmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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2 p5 R8 m( ~+ \+ j( Q: Z9 y4 v* E, N# }; z+ A2 S6 }7 u" d& Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 $ [: _7 o: |9 R' I宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, , g0 |) H; i0 Y1 c/ v& C8 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" V" L5 `# e0 u1 f9 |3 n
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, ' Z! J {' k" C2 t/ X& Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' [. R, E. m1 X) s; y2 {" U; {"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, % m/ ?5 N( [$ h( ~! |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 5 N2 r2 C) F) `. w- y
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里; a, {+ I. N! S& z; }5 L( @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 2 |+ g! P+ q% `4 O/ a# W7 emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(2 H1 u+ r+ g7 z; y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), . D; t6 P+ ~' v8 D% I+ Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; J! A4 h4 T; V( \"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用7 j4 o0 d$ V3 @; V
12.0pt">, Y, E. Y, C" G" U"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, # K$ n3 M/ C* k5 X: w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" @+ p6 b0 d; ?! T"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 8 L3 P+ H& J! }
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!: W0 f" A6 L( K4 [3 C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 9 n! B& `+ I1 q4 _" \- ~) ?- z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 k: s; H5 U c( j; p% \"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: 2 }: g2 A1 K3 ^+ K/ }
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 2 D4 |" y t# U. W, D' l/ Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 9 m/ q( c$ O( x
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& B* E3 g# `- H7 i6 P7 s"Times New Roman"">“ 8 G1 S) m* `' i8 @$ O1 S+ G
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”' Z' w; }! U4 @+ N& }
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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, l$ o. F' m9 T+ j: `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, / ^* W5 z# P3 ^% A2 F* z) N! }
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, u1 i% ^- S/ j% I9 C7 o
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' n) x2 r7 p+ l2 @$ U+ V& ]# i"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, , I* I7 i- \0 E$ Y) N
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, * s) [9 K3 }" I/ `; q' @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 0 I8 o$ i: O. V7 I% I) p
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" `: s( l- _* M"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ : e7 B. ~* J* O+ ?" d6 zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” ; F% m5 R! S) k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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6 E6 o. W$ E) lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, ) ~* F" B+ u L* r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, ; d g: V- v& A% s
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/ G2 o+ d/ B+ l7 X. o"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
3 [, G: `! N/ d; ^3 u/ b- ^4 V, P3 L+ v8 M# X: y2 Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, $ {" [9 t$ H- c# I8 h% dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ Z# J$ N6 } i$ f"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,/ M/ }: k) G' S* u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 6 M6 i% K: n6 D) Q9 D# qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 q @4 N/ q% W/ k( q
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题: [8 w/ u4 y) P12.0pt">: \2 Z; G# \/ H# b3 ^"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: : X$ W9 b7 V) ~; L7 E
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"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才' ?5 I# w3 F& f" _12.0pt">, 4 c. d2 C+ f4 n3 p$ t
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ) l5 v! c, `% S$ Z
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"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; ! Q3 T o( m+ r. G
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 8 X- h9 A5 R9 A w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, * r! y! v. H4 d8 Z
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题* a! v9 C7 L* L# a& v* r
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 4 U6 a" r2 u( U& h9 C% P& m
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求8 C' Q: K6 I, t0 x: x0 `) g3 v12.0pt">: % e9 y, Y8 a# F" N7 c* c
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; , f$ g# L$ K5 g' ]7 P
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% p" f; I4 {5 L& u# ^7 D9 Q"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, . u/ F- I! H: y, w U3 D4 t# }" p
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 3 z* H6 X; a" V
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"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统7 f1 O+ k1 v: M& t12.0pt">:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ 3 u9 j" z. q1 z/ F# r8 B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 9 o* T3 _5 _* h7 F) J
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 # A* U4 U* _$ \% m
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> % p$ i+ N8 O6 D+ L0 u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
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8 ]' n2 b, v! \0 K2 k7 T7 U0 v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; P8 g# o8 v3 |; ~5 I"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, & B! A3 y$ n, [
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 0 V( v3 n' w( k$ ?: u) A
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, ! Z- c6 `. Q$ r2 n& l/ O
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. N6 J' g! x1 @# X% x3 ]% V" Y/ t"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思, w& I4 X, ~# E" n; B! y7 d
! W3 ~* U' f; V( i8 n' {" ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, # K% i) k1 @& n4 ?/ [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* {8 S3 ~+ {- P+ i; ?"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 8 B7 @% i b( b5 `& R
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 2 _1 w! z* r& a2 F* Y1 s4 v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: % v# s, I3 j- X- X& N5 r( ]+ ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ z& }3 a) E, o; y" ] }0 a"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 8 A7 e4 J5 J! ?* g% N( pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, ! W5 w7 W" d d$ n5 Q$ k7 q9 E+ H' Q0 m
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ u: k* ~# U2 T$ e"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, & c+ l& Q4 O# k0 }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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& W0 W+ ?0 _1 ]; ^1 L6 Y: I& c3 Y& S8 N8 Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,( z7 n! K# l$ F$ K3 s
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: {( \& D: h8 ?6 g" v# W. j"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定$ i+ d# i: m6 w0 a- V; t* s$ j
12.0pt">, / B. {, W6 N# Q" _- C7 e4 f"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 1 o# m w3 k, v. ?
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"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:& [5 q( b( Q! a+ R) @7 F- j
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, ( v; d7 h8 o0 X* a' `
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 3 w3 d! `) f# w+ _4 }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! \9 P1 { _ ~7 G, b6 _
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, ( y- T; M; ^" J5 j, ~+ ^
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, $ k* X) H( R, B& P5 x
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"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: # k2 j6 A1 d* a5 L
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ ) o) l2 I' H9 A4 m0 q+ x' k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, ( F9 A5 |! I% o% p! ]" Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ ^2 Q; s1 o1 m5 l, q"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
